四分律行事鈔資持記 1.516

1.516

界形文略，指廣如他。今須引論示其名相。《善見》五種：一、方，二、圓，三、鼓形，四、半月，五、三角。《了論》十七種，皆名別住（即界異名）；一、長圓（地勢狹長，兩頭並圓。），二、四角（四方），三、水波（標相屈曲，如波浪然。），四、一山，五、一嵓（隨山嵓形勢，即為界畔。），六、半月，七、自性（即蘭若處，隨地分齊。），八、圍輪（中間別結多界，外以大界通圍，如鐵圍山繞四天下。），九、一門（恐是多界同門），十、方土（隨國邑境界），十一、四廂（周迴有屋，中間空露。），十二、二繩（如上），十三、比丘尼，十四、優婆塞，十五、垣牆，十六、圓（其地周圓），十七、顛狂。此中一、二、三、六、十六五種，約其地形。四、五、七、八、九、十、十一、十二、十五，九種，就其處所。十三、十四、十七，三種，約人別居，不論形相。問：界形與相，同異云何？答：若對前文標體相三，此門上科，即是其標；次明界形，即同前相，尋之可知。

The text on boundary shapes is brief, pointing to other texts for details. Now we must cite the treatise to show their names and marks. The Samantapāsādikā has five kinds: 1. square, 2. round, 3. drum-shaped, 4. half-moon, 5. triangular. The Vinayadvāviṃśatividyā-śāstra has seventeen kinds, all called "distinct residences" (namely, different names for boundaries): 1. oblong (the terrain is narrow and long, with both ends round), 2. four-cornered (square), 3. water-wave (the markers are curved, like water waves), 4. single mountain, 5. single crag (following the terrain of a mountain crag as the boundary edge), 6. half-moon, 7. intrinsic nature (namely an araṇya location, following the demarcation of the land), 8. surrounding rim (internally establishing multiple distinct boundaries, with a great boundary encircling them on the outside, like the Iron Encircling Mountains surrounding the four continents), 9. single gate (perhaps multiple boundaries sharing one gate), 10. directional territory (following the boundaries of states and cities), 11. four wings (having buildings all around with an open space in the middle), 12. two ropes (as above), 13. bhikṣuṇī, 14. upāsaka, 15. wall, 16. round (the land is completely round), 17. deranged. Among these, the five kinds—1, 2, 3, 6, and 16—are based on the shape of the terrain. The nine kinds—4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15—are based on the location. The three kinds—13, 14, and 17—are based on distinct residence of persons, regardless of shape. Question: What are the similarities and differences between the boundary shape and its characteristics? Answer: If compared to the previous three of marker, essence, and characteristic, the preceding heading of this section is the marker; next explaining the boundary shape is identical to the previous characteristic, which can be known by examining it.