四分律行事鈔資持記 2.532

2.532

釋第四，難處中，初引《四分》。即命梵二難。文略師子諸獸，故云乃至。（疏云：虎狼為命，蟻子為梵。）又云：若有石樹株杌荊棘，使人掘出；若有坑溝渠陂池，當使填滿；若畏水淹漬，當預設防堤（疏云：樹石水漬，無非在後，為命留難。）；若地為人所認，當共斷，當無使他有語（疏云田園等處計是妨緣，今入難位，恐後諍競，起非淨行故。），是謂難處也。（總結諸相，除蟻子及地二種梵難，餘竝命難。）《善見》。但明微物，則餘類可知。逐去得者，因蟻出窟，無所損故。何下，徵示制意。慈愍之言，通該彼我；彼遭害命，我成殺業故也。《五分》。難處有十三種；文錄十一，前二句及後一句各是一處，為三；淫下兩字為一相，有八。（唯隱險下加一處字，彼作嶮峯處。）彼更有水盪深處道路嶮巇處二種，故言等也。彼律云：無難處有行處者，得與處分；難處如上言；行處者，繞四邊得通車。唯出一相，同今《四分》；不同《善見》、《十誦》，尋之可知。（古記不尋文，乃云上難處亦參有妨處，非也。）

In explaining the fourth, places of danger: first, the Dharmaguptaka-vinaya is cited. This refers to the two dangers: to life and to pure conduct (brahmacarya). The text omits lions and various beasts, hence it says "up to." (The commentary says: "Tigers and wolves endanger life; ants endanger pure conduct.") It also says: If there are stones, tree stumps, and brambles, have people dig them out; if there are pits, ditches, channels, ponds, or reservoirs, they must be filled; if one fears water submerging or soaking it, dikes and embankments must be prepared in advance (the commentary says: "Trees, stones, and water soaking are all bound to become hindrances to life later on"); if the ground is claimed by someone, it must be settled jointly, leaving others with nothing to say (the commentary says: "Fields, gardens, and such places would normally be conditions of hindrance, but here they are placed under dangers for fear that subsequent disputes might give rise to impure conduct")—these are called places of danger. (Summarizing the various marks: except for ants and land, which are two kinds of danger to pure conduct, the rest are all dangers to life.) The Samantapāsādikā only mentions tiny creatures, from which other kinds may be known. Those that can be driven away are permitted because ants coming out of their nest causes them no injury. From "Why…" downward, it inquires into and shows the intention behind the prohibition. The words "compassion and pity" apply to both the other and oneself: the other suffers loss of life, and I incur the karma of killing. In the Mahīśāsaka-vinaya, there are thirteen kinds of dangerous places; the text records eleven: the first two sentences and the last sentence are each one place, making three; the eight characters following "licentiousness…" each constitute one mark, making eight. (Only beneath yǐnxiǎn [concealed and dangerous] the character "place" is added, which that text writes as xiǎnfēngchù [precipitous peak place].) That text further has two kinds: places inundated by deep water and places with perilous roads, hence it says "and so forth." That Vinaya states: "If a place is free of danger and has passage, authorization may be given. Places of danger are as described above. A place with passage means that carts can pass all around its four sides." It only sets forth one mark, matching the Dharmaguptaka-vinaya here; it is not the same as the Samantapāsādikā or the Daśādhyāya-vinaya, as can be known by examining them. (The old commentary did not examine the text and claimed that the dangerous places above also included places of hindrance, which is incorrect.)