四分律比丘含注戒本 3.430

3.430

佛言：「諍有四經：言諍、覓諍、犯諍、事諍。」言諍者，以現前毘尼、多人語二種滅滅也。覓諍以現前、憶念、不癡、罪處所四滅滅也。犯諍以現前、自言治、草覆地三滅滅也。事諍者，以一切滅滅。其三種諍，各分上、中、下三品，合明九種。事諍一種，歷上三諍，隨分九品。應隨現前中三種、五種，滅上、中、下品。對病說藥，應善觀、解也。

The Buddha said, “Disputes have four bases: disputes of speech (vivādādhikaraṇa), disputes of investigation (anuvādādhikaraṇa), disputes of offense (āpattādhikaraṇa), and disputes of business (kṛtyādhikaraṇa).” A dispute of speech is settled by two kinds of settlement: settlement in the presence (sammukha-vinaya) and settlement by the decision of the majority (yebhuyyasikā). A dispute of investigation is settled by four settlements: settlement in the presence, settlement by recollection (smṛti-vinaya), settlement for the unconfused (amūḍha-vinaya), and settlement based on the offense (tasya-pāpiyasikā). A dispute of offense is settled by three settlements: settlement in the presence, settlement upon voluntary confession (pratijñākāraka), and covering over with grass (tṛṇaprastāraka). A dispute of business is settled by all forms of settlement. Each of the [first] three kinds of dispute is divided into three grades—superior, middling, and inferior—together explaining nine kinds. The single kind of dispute of business traverses the above three disputes, accordingly divided into nine grades. In accordance with the three kinds or five kinds within settlement in the presence, one should eliminate the superior, middling, and inferior grades. One prescribes the medicine according to the disease; one should observe and understand this well.