四分比丘戒本疏 2.147

2.147

第二示教主中，文分三：一示教主、二辨說時、三勸修學。初文可知。第二時者，謂十二年清淨僧中未有犯事，佛每半月自說此略。從是已後，准律，佛在瞻婆國白月十五日伽伽河邊，因於眾中有人犯盜，佛止不說，付弟子說。佛若說者，有二種過：一者佛不虛說、二者金剛以杵必損犯人，護故不說，故付弟子說廣教也。就前六佛中，初佛六月一度布薩，如其次第五四三二一月，今釋迦佛半月一說戒，文不辨也。第三勸修中，「諸比丘自為」者，謂勸自愛也，新經論名為「自愛善男子」也。「樂法」者，樂聞思也。「樂沙門」者，樂修寂靜，即修慧也。「有慚有愧」者，對治破戒煩惱也。「樂學戒者當於中學」者，以戒為宗，故居後勸也。

In the second part, showing the teacher of the doctrine, the text is divided into three: 1. showing the teacher of the doctrine; 2. explaining the time of preaching; 3. exhorting practice and study. The first text can be understood. Regarding the second, the time: during the twelve years within the pure Saṃgha when there were no incidents of transgression, the Buddha himself preached this abbreviated [prātimokṣa] every half month. From that time onward, according to the Vinaya, while the Buddha was on the fifteenth day of the bright fortnight by the banks of the Gaggara River in the country of Campā, because someone in the assembly had committed theft, the Buddha stopped and did not preach, entrusting the disciples to preach. If the Buddha were to preach, there would be two kinds of faults: first, the Buddha does not preach in vain; second, Vajrapāṇi with his pestle would surely harm the transgressor; to protect him, the Buddha did not preach, and therefore entrusted the disciples to preach the comprehensive teaching. Among the previous six Buddhas, the first Buddha held poṣadha once every six months, and in sequence following that: every five, four, three, two, and one month; now Śākyamuni Buddha recites the prātimokṣa once every half month, which is not differentiated in the text. In the third part, exhorting practice: "Bhikṣus on their own behalf" means exhorting them to care for themselves; in the new sūtras and śāstras, they are called "good sons who care for themselves." "Those who delight in the Dharma" means delighting in hearing and contemplating. "Those who delight in being a śramaṇa" means delighting in cultivating tranquility, which is cultivating prajñā. "Having a sense of shame and conscience" counteracts breaking precepts and afflictions. "Those who delight in training in the precepts should train in them": taking the precepts as the foundation, this exhortation is placed at the end.