四分比丘戒本疏 2.2

2.2

Hereafter is the fourth major section, the thirty niḥsargika-prāyaścittika rules. The text is also divided into three parts, as should be understood from what precedes. "Niḥsargika" is translated here as "complete relinquishment." "Prāyaścittika" is translated here as "fall." It means that committing this offence drags one to fall into the three evil destinies; this is termed "fall" based on the general name. If one commits this fall, one must first relinquish the property and afterwards repent of the offence of falling; hence it is called "relinquishment and fall." However, among the thirty precepts, if finely divided, there are thirty-two precepts: namely, the rainy-season bathing robe combines two precepts in its enactment—the two being, first, soliciting beforehand, and second, using it beforehand. Furthermore, the robe offered in haste also combines two precepts in its enactment: first, receiving it beforehand, and second, keeping it afterwards. Together with the remaining twenty-eight precepts, they make thirty-two. Now, when committing these thirty-two precepts, there are broadly four stages: first, relinquishing the property to someone; second, completing repentance of the offence; third, returning that property; and fourth, incurring an offence if it is not returned. In between, there are minor discrepancies according to the precepts, which will be understood when reaching the text. The present name of "relinquishment and fall" is established with reference to the first two stages. Now, inquiring into the enactment of relinquishment: keeping [the article] is illegitimate, and using it gives rise to greed; therefore relinquishment was enacted. Illegitimacy in receiving and keeping has roughly six categories: 1. Illegitimacy through insatiability after acquisition (such as keeping the five kinds of extra items); 2. Illegitimacy through transgressing the teaching by lacking the necessary requisites (such as the two [rules on] being separated from one's robes); 3. Illegitimacy through inviting criticism and incurring ugliness (such as taking robes from a bhikṣuṇī, having her wash robes, carrying wool, or picking wool); 4. Illegitimacy through cherishing and doting on garments (such as soliciting robes from one householder, or asking two householders to increase the price of the weaving); 5. Illegitimacy through disturbing others (demanding robes in excess or taking robes away); 6. Illegitimacy through greedy hoarding that obstructs others (exceeding contentment, trading in the five kinds of spreads or the two kinds of precious things, begging for bowls or thread, or exceeding the proper time for rainy-season robes, robes offered in haste, or [misdirecting offerings] intended for the Saṃgha). According to the *Yogācārabhūmi*, carrying wool on a long journey triggers illness; here it is temporarily subsumed under inviting criticism. When property has these six faults it cannot be used again; since using it involves a mind of greed, relinquishment must be enacted.