四分律刪補隨機羯磨 2.160

2.160

(The Buddha said: 'There are three kinds of varṣā: the early varṣā, the middle varṣā, and the late varṣā. The early varṣā dwells for the earlier three months. The late varṣā goes for the later three months.' In the *Daśādhyāya-vinaya*, the Buddha enjoined all five assemblies to undertake varṣā. The *Vinaya* says: 'If a nun does not undertake varṣā, it is a pāyattika; for the four assemblies including monks, it is a duṣkṛta.' The *Arthaviniścaya* says: 'Where there are not the five faults, one may undertake varṣā in their midst: first, too far from a settlement, so that requisites are difficult to obtain; second, too close to a city, hindering cultivation of the path of departure; third, many mosquitoes and ants, causing harm both to oneself and to others; fourth, no person on whom one can rely—the person to rely upon must possess five virtues: 1. causing one who seeks hearing to hear; 2. causing what has been heard to be purified; 3. able to resolve the net of doubts; 4. having clear and unhindered comprehension; 5. right view. Fifth, no donors providing medicine and food. In all [such places], one must not undertake varṣā.' The root Vinaya says: 'There are four kinds of varṣā: 1. sammukhībhūta; 2. cetanā; 3. established through forgetting; 4. reaching the boundary.' All are based on conditions, as fully listed below.)