四分律刪補隨機羯磨 2.4

2.4

(At that time, the bhikṣus accumulated many robes. The Buddha said: "In the future, good sons who cannot bear the suffering of cold may keep two robes, which is sufficient, and must not exceed that." The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: "The three robes are the insignia of the holy śramaṇas." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya states: "Because of five intentions—to ward off cold and heat, to remove shamelessness, to enter villages, to give rise to wholesome thoughts while travelling, and to maintain purity of deportment—only then were the three robes established." The Vinaya root text states: "One must not use materials obtained through forfeitable offenses (nihsargika) or wrong livelihood to make them; the determination would not be valid. If using brocade robes or the five major primary colours, one must not determine them; they should be dyed the colour of kāṣāya. It is permitted to use cloth two cubits long and four cubits wide to make an antarvāsa; three cubits long and five cubits wide to make an uttarāsaṅga; the saṃghāṭī is likewise." The Mahīśāsaka-vinaya states: "The length of a cubit is variable; the Buddha directed that it accord with one's body size." The Vinaya states: "It is because one robes according to one's body. If making new robes: a single layer for the antarvāsa and uttarāsaṅga, and two layers for the saṃghāṭī; if old robes: two layers for the antarvāsa and uttarāsaṅga, and four layers for the saṃghāṭī; if rag-robes (pāṃśukūla), make as many layers as one wishes. They should have five strips, not six, and up to nineteen strips, not twenty. If exceeding this number of strips, they may also be kept. They should properly resemble the neat borders of rice paddy fields. It is permitted to cut them with a knife to make śramaṇa robes, so that they are not stripped away by hostile thieves." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya states: "From nine to thirteen strips, they are lower-grade great robes, with two long and one short [panel]; from fifteen to nineteen strips, three long and one short; from twenty-one to twenty-five strips, four long and one short: this is called made according to Dharma. If one increases or decreases among them, the determination is accomplished, but using them incurs an offense." The Vinaya states: "According to Dharma, all four borders must have hems, with five strips and ten divisions. One must wash, dye, spread out, smooth, cut, and sew them oneself. The great robe and middle robe must be cut pieces. If [material is] scarce, make them with applied patches. If making a five-patch robe, it is also likewise. For the lower robe, one may make it with folded patches." The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "If [material is] scarce, reduce the dimensions, or make an unpieced robe (saṃkaksikā/seamless robe)." The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: "The strip may be at most four finger-breadths wide, and at narrowest like a barley grain." The Vinaya root text states: "One should know this long strip and this short strip; this is the patch; this is the first seam and the second seam; this is the central seam, with the patches facing both ways. It is permitted to sew the patches with a crow's foot stitch." The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "One must use backstitching. Place the hook four finger-breadths from the edge in front, and the loop eight finger-breadths from the back." The Sarvāstivāda-vinaya states: "If the three robes are torn, but the hem is unbroken, one does not lose the determination." The Three Thousand Deportments states: "Have patches affixed at the four corners." The Vinaya root text instructs applying patches over stained and soiled spots. If a robe is damaged, mend it according to the size and shape of the hole, square or round, or up to two finger-breadths wide. The Daśādhyāya-vinaya states: "Protect the three robes as one's own skin. One who wears the great robe must not carry earth, stones, grass, or wood, or do menial labor. If one enters a village without carrying the three robes, an offense is committed." The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya states: "One should revere them with the thought of a stūpa. When not wearing them, fold and store them away. If entering a layperson's house without fastening the loops, an offense is incurred at every house." The Mahīśāsaka-vinaya states: "If the bottom of the robe is damaged, also wear it upside down, attaching hooks and loops at both top and bottom." In the Vinaya, outside villages, one is directed to wear the robe reversed. Wherever a bhikṣu goes, robe and bowl constantly follow him, just like a flying bird. The rest is extensively detailed in the Xingshichao.)