菩薩戒義疏 2.17

2.17

第二、飲酒戒，酒開放逸門故制。七眾同犯，大小俱制，唯咽咽輕垢。序事三階：一、明過失，二、制不應，三、舉非結過。過酒器與人二解：一云執杯酒器令相勸，二云止過空器令斟酌。尋下況語，應如後釋。過器尚爾，況自飲乎？所以結戒有五五百：一、五百在醎糟地獄，二、五百在沸屎，三、五百在曲蛆蟲，四、五百在蠅蚋，五、五百在癡熟無知蟲。今之五百或是最後與人癡藥，故生癡熟蟲中也。不得教此，第二、制不應教。人及非人并自飲皆制。「若故」下，第三段、舉非結過。自作教他悉同輕垢，必重病宣藥及不為過患，悉許也。《未曾有經》未利飲酒，此見機為益，不同恒例。

Second, the precept against drinking liquor: it is established because liquor opens the door to heedlessness. All seven assemblies commit the offense alike; both the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna prescribe against it; a minor defilement infraction is incurred with every single swallow. The narration of matters has three stages: first, explaining the faults; second, prescribing what is not proper; third, adducing the wrongdoing and concluding the offense. Passing a liquor vessel to another has two interpretations: one says it means holding the cup or liquor vessel to urge them on; the other says it means merely passing an empty vessel for them to pour into. Searching the context of the subsequent comparison, it should follow the latter interpretation. If even passing the vessel is like this, how much more so drinking it oneself? Therefore, in establishing the precept, five periods of five hundred [lifetimes] are mentioned: first, five hundred in the Salty Dregs Hell; second, five hundred in Boiling Excrement; third, five hundred as crooked maggots; fourth, five hundred as flies and gnats; fifth, five hundred as dull-witted and ignorant insects. The present five hundred lifetimes [in the text] perhaps refer to the last one: because one gave a drug causing dullness to others, one is born among dull-witted insects. "Must not teach this" is the second [stage], prescribing that one should not teach it. Giving it to humans or non-humans, as well as drinking it oneself, are all prohibited. From "if intentionally" onward is the third section, adducing the wrongdoing and concluding the offense. Doing it oneself or instructing another are both equally minor defilement infractions. If it is genuinely used as medicine for a severe illness, or if it does not lead to faults and harms, it is entirely permitted. The Adbhutadharma-sūtra mentions a minister's wife drinking liquor; this was seeing the occasion to bring benefit, which is unlike the ordinary rule.