天台菩薩戒疏 2.28

2.28

第二十二、輕慢法師戒。訓誨有軌名為法師，故不虔恭名為輕慢。菩薩理應輕生重法，雪山從鬼請，天帝拜畜為師，慢如高山雨水不停，早如江海萬流歸集，今棄其所知觀其種姓，失大法利故聖制也。別具四緣：一、新學無知，二、他卑有德，三、自恃生慢，四、不往諮受，便犯。前明現講不聽，此制不別諮受。就文為三：初標名舉過，次「其法師」下出所慢之境，三、「而新學」下舉過結犯。初言「有智」等者，解知世法，文無再覽，故云「聰明」；曾有職任，而云「高貴」；當世聖族，名為「大姓」；了達經史，稱之「大解」；招世財食，名為大福。「饒財」下，釋大福義。「以此」下，總結慢意。「以」猶用也，用此「聰明」乃至「大福」而生憍慢。次文可見。三、結犯中，言「第一義諦」者，圓常之理為教行本，故偏舉之。教行無依非好師也。

Twenty-second: the precept against slighting and disrespecting a Dharma master. Instructing with proper standards is termed being 'a Dharma master'; intentionally failing to be reverent is termed 'slighting and disrespecting'. Bodhisattvas by principle ought to make light of life and value the Dharma: [the Bodhisattva in the] Snowy Mountains inquired of a demon; the Lord of the Devas bowed to an animal as master. Arrogance is like a high mountain where rainwater cannot stay; humility is like the river and sea where ten thousand streams converge. Now, casting aside what [the master] knows and looking at their clan and caste causes one to lose the great benefit of the Dharma; hence the sage instituted [this precept]. It specifically comprises four conditions: 1. a new trainee who is ignorant; 2. the other is of lowly status yet has virtue; 3. relying on oneself and giving rise to arrogance; 4. not going to consult and receive [the teaching]—then one commits an offence. Previously it explained not listening when an exposition is being given; here it prohibits not going separately to consult and receive. In terms of the text, there are three [parts]: first, naming [the precept] and raising the fault; next, from 'that Dharma master' onward, setting forth the object that is slighted; third, from 'yet the new trainee' onward, adducing the fault and concluding the offence. In the first, the words 'possessing wisdom', etc., mean understanding and knowing worldly dharmas without needing to read a text twice, hence called 'clever'; having held official posts is called 'noble'; being of a sage clan of the current age is called 'great lineage'; having penetrated the classics and histories is called 'great understanding'; attracting worldly wealth and food is called 'great blessing'. From 'abundant wealth' onward, it explains the meaning of great blessing. From 'by means of this' onward, it summarizes the intention of arrogance. 'By means of' is like 'using'—using this 'cleverness' up to 'great blessing' to give rise to arrogance. The next text can be seen. In the third, concluding the offence, the words 'the supreme truth' refer to the principle of the perfect and eternal, which is the root of teaching and practice, hence it is specifically highlighted. A teaching and practice without reliance is not a good master.