天台菩薩戒疏 2.41

2.41

三十三、觀聽惡作戒。菩薩理應靜處思微，執持聖典，今反觀聽非法，身行惡作，乖法招譏，故制犯也。別具三緣：一、有所對事，二、惡心視聽，三、見聞，便犯。就文為三：初標能犯之心，二、「觀一切」下舉過防禁，三、「若故」下違制結犯。初言「惡心」者，不為和解，慶快無明，名惡心也。次文多意。初觀鬪者，「鬪」謂鬪打，俱通身口。「軍陣兵將」即王者軍，「劫賊等鬪」即賊等軍，若自若教若試若戲，並不得觀，故云「等」也。「亦不得」下，止聽音樂，若他為供養順世觀聽，無染不犯。「不得」下，止雜戲也。「樗蒲」四數。「圍碁」可知。「波羅塞戲」者，西國兵戲，二人各使二十玉象，此方亦有畫板為道以牙為子，諍得要路即為勝也。「彈碁」者，以指彈碁子得遠為勝。「六博」者，只雙六也。「拍毬」者，趯（他曆反，跳貌也）毬打毬也，亦云拍毬，其義一也。「擲石」者，時云擲石者，時云擲扡（墮和反）。「投壺」者，投錢杖等於彼孔中，入者為籌。「牽道」者，時云圍直，二人相對各十二子，直三則敗，故名牽道。「八道行成」者，八道交絡行當如城也。「爪鏡」等者，止邪術也，西國術師以藥塗爪中現吉凶也。「蓍草」等者，此等三事以呪呪之知吉凶故。「髑髏」者，西國外道打人頭骨，決知死生因緣等。此方亦有事，髑髏神說世休否。「卜筮」者，決疑也。並是邪術誑惑人心，世世染習無益自他，故制犯也。「盜賊使命」者，為賊所使助成盜事。從助緣邊，故結輕垢，若成盜業，理在重收。三、違制結犯，如文。

Thirty-third: the precept against watching and listening to evil deeds. A bodhisattva by principle ought to contemplate subtlety in a quiet place and uphold the sacred scriptures; now, by contrast, to watch and listen to what is illicit, physically engaging in evil deeds, departs from the Dharma and invites censure; therefore, an offense was instituted. It specifically comprises three conditions: 1. there being an object confronted; 2. watching or listening with a malicious mind; and 3. seeing or hearing—whereupon one commits an offense. The text has three parts: first, indicating the mind capable of offending; second, from "watching all" onward, citing the faults to prohibit them; third, from "if intentionally" onward, determining the offense for violating the prohibition. First, "malicious mind" means not acting for reconciliation, but delighting in ignorance—this is called a malicious mind. The next text contains many points. First, regarding watching fights, "fight" refers to fighting and striking, which applies to both body and speech. "Armies, soldiers, and generals" refers to royal armies; "bandits and the like fighting" refers to rebel forces and the like. Whether oneself, instructing others, for testing, or for amusement, in all cases one must not watch; thus it says "and the like." From "one must also not" onward, it prohibits listening to music; if others do so as an offering or in accordance with worldly custom, and one observes or listens without defilement, there is no offense. From "must not" onward, it prohibits miscellaneous games. "Chupu" is [played with] four tallies. "Weiqi" is understood. "Polasai game" is a Western military game: two players each use twenty jade elephants; in this land, there are also boards painted with paths using ivory as pieces, where the one who contends and takes the vital routes wins. "Tanqi" means flicking game pieces with fingers, where achieving greater distance brings victory. "Liubo" is simply backgammon. "Paiqiu" is kicking and striking a ball (ti [趯]: pronounced ta and li; meaning to jump); it is also called hitting a ball, the meaning being the same. "Throwing stones" is sometimes called throwing stones, and sometimes throwing tuo. "Touhu" means throwing coins, wands, and the like into that hole, those entering counted as chips. "Qiandao" is at present called weizhi: two players face each other, each with twelve pieces; having three in a straight line means defeat, hence it is called qiandao. "Badao xingcheng" means eight interlocking paths, where movement forms a likeness of a citadel. "Nail-mirror" and so forth prohibits occult arts; Western sorcerers apply drugs to fingernails to manifest auspicious and inauspicious signs. As for "yarrow stalks" and the like, these three matters are incanted with spells to divine good and bad fortune. "Skulls": Western non-Buddhists strike human skull bones to definitively discern the causes and conditions of death and life. In this land, there are also practices of skull-spirit divination that reveal the fortunes and misfortunes of the world. "Divination" means resolving doubts. All of these are occult arts that deceive and confuse people's minds; becoming habituated to them life after life brings no benefit to oneself or others, so an offense was instituted. "Acting as an emissary for thieves" means being employed by thieves to assist in completing robberies. From the perspective of an auxiliary condition, a minor defilement is determined; if the deed of theft is completed, in principle it is included under the major [offense]. Third, determining the offense for violating the prohibition is as in the text.