梵網經菩薩戒本疏 4.12

4.12

第十、釋文者，亦有四：一、明犯位，謂自作教他，如前釋。二、舉過正制中二：先舉過，謂慳因、緣、法、業，亦四釋，同前可知。二、「而菩薩見」已下明正制，謂制施貧乞。但世人貧有二種：一、財貧，二、法貧，故云「一切貧」也。菩薩施此二事，故云「一切給與」。三、「而菩薩以惡」下違制成犯，謂「惡心」者慳結不破，亦是違戾不施，通餘煩惱。「瞋心者」，忿怒乞人而不施與也。此是不施之心。下明所不施物，先財後法。「乃至不施」等者，舉小呪多，一葉草尚不與況多。又就下最極為言，故云「乃至一草」等也。法中一塵者，意明極少，非謂法門中而有微塵，此順西方語法，如《能斷金剛般若經》中「無少法」者，梵本名「無微塵法」也。「而反罵辱」者，明極重之相，惜草葉而起重瞋，發惡言而興罵辱，故宜重也。此具三業可知。四、結示罪名可知。

Tenth, regarding the explanation of the text, there are also four parts: First, clarifying the conditions of offense, meaning doing it oneself or instructing others to do it, as explained before. Second, in citing the fault to establish the formal prohibition, there are two parts: first citing the fault, meaning the causes, conditions, methods, and acts of stinginess, also with four explanations, understood as before. Second, from "When a bodhisattva sees..." onward, it clarifies the formal prohibition, meaning prohibiting [refusal] of giving to the poor and beggars. But worldly people have two kinds of poverty: 1. poverty of wealth, 2. poverty of Dharma; hence it says "all the poor." The bodhisattva gives these two things, hence it says "provides all of them." Third, from "Yet the bodhisattva, with an evil mind..." downward shows that transgressing the prohibition constitutes an offense. "Evil mind" means that the knot of stinginess is not broken, and it is also being obstinate and not giving, encompassing other afflictions. "Angry mind" means becoming wrathful toward the beggar and not giving to them. This is the mind of not giving. Below, it clarifies the objects not given, first wealth and then Dharma. "Down to not giving..." and so forth: citing the small implies the large; if one does not even give a blade of grass, how much less [would one give] what is greater? Moreover, speaking in terms of the lowest extreme, it therefore says "down to a single grass," and so forth. In the Dharma, "a single particle of dust" is meant to clarify the utmost minimum, not that there are fine particles of dust within the Dharma gates; this conforms to Western idiom, just like in the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra where "not the slightest dharma" is named "no dharma of a fine dust particle" in the Sanskrit text. "Yet on the contrary reviles and insults": this clarifies the characteristic of extreme gravity; begrudging grass and leaves while giving rise to severe anger, uttering evil words and instigating insults, hence it is properly grave. It can be seen that this is complete with the three karmas. Fourth, concluding by indicating the name of the offense, as is understandable.