菩薩戒本疏 1.35

1.35

次正說中大分為二：一、辨重戒，二、明輕戒。辨重戒中有三：一、總標數名教令受學，二、別敘種相誡令攝護，三、覆結得失勸其敬持。初中有十數也。「木叉」，名也。「不誦非菩薩」等者，顯由此相得成菩薩及佛種子。「一切菩薩已、當、今學」者，顯此戒法三世楷定。「木叉相貌」者，不誦非菩薩，即戒之相也，三世皆學，即戒之貌也。別敘種相中，十重戒即為十。一一戒中應以五句辨釋文義：一、制意釋名，二、具緣成犯，三、判業輕重，四、學處同異，五、就文解釋。

Next, in the main exposition, there are two broad divisions: first, distinguishing the grave precepts; second, clarifying the minor precepts. In distinguishing the grave precepts, there are three parts: first, universally stating the number and names to instruct and bid them receive and train in them; second, separately detailing their species and aspects to admonish and bid them restrain and protect themselves; third, reiterating the gains and losses to exhort them to reverently uphold them. In the first part, there is the number ten. "Mokṣa" is the name. "Those who do not recite are not bodhisattvas..." and so forth shows that by means of these marks one attains the status of a bodhisattva and a seed of the Buddha. "All bodhisattvas have trained, will train, and are training now" shows that this preceptual Dharma is definitively established throughout the three times. "The marks of the mokṣa": not reciting being not a bodhisattva is the mark of the precepts; training in them throughout the three times is the aspect of the precepts. In separately detailing their species and aspects, the ten parājika precepts constitute ten sections. In each and every precept, one should distinguish and explain the text and meaning through five phrases: first, the intention behind the prohibition and explanation of the name; second, the assembly of conditions constituting an offense; third, judging the gravity of the karma; fourth, similarities and differences among the śikṣāpadas; fifth, explaining according to the text.