菩薩戒本疏 2.111

2.111

此下八戒，以法攝中有二：前七以行法攝，第八以教法攝。以行攝中又二：初二戒明離過行，後五戒明攝善行。離過行中，初離損害之過，後離放逸之過。畜養損害，乖慈攝行，故制令斷。大小俱制，七眾同防。文中具列六事：一、不得畜刀杖弓箭，此防殺害之過。前第十戒中，違攝善故制。今此戒中，違攝善故制，令利生故制。二、不得販賣輕秤小斗，此防盜損之過。三、因官形勢，取人財物。前第十七，制因勢乞求。今此戒，制因公囑致，此亦防盜損也。四、害心繫縛，謂心欲損惱，未必致害也。五、破壞成功，謂破他人用所成。六、長養猫等，遠有侵害，故不應畜。見彼臨危拯贖者，不犯。

The eight precepts from here down concern gathering [sentient beings] by means of the Dharma, in which there are two parts: the first seven concern gathering through practices of the Dharma, and the eighth concerns gathering through doctrinal teachings of the Dharma. Within gathering through practice there are again two parts: the first two precepts clarify practices of abandoning faults, and the subsequent five precepts clarify practices of gathering goodness. Among the practices of abandoning faults, the first is abandoning the fault of causing harm, and the second is abandoning the fault of negligence (pramāda). Keeping and raising what causes harm conflicts with the practice of gathering with compassion, therefore it was instituted to require its cessation. It is instituted in both the Greater and Lesser [Vehicles], and the seven assemblies guard against it together. In the text, six matters are fully listed: First, one must not keep knives, staves, bows, and arrows; this prevents the fault of killing and harming. In the earlier tenth precept, it was instituted because it violates gathering goodness. Now, in this precept, it is instituted because it violates gathering goodness, and instituted to bring about benefit to sentient beings. Second, one must not traffic in light scales and small measures; this prevents the fault of stealing and causing loss. Third, relying on official power and prestige to seize people's property. In the earlier seventeenth precept, begging based on influence was prohibited. In this precept, securing property through official commissions is prohibited; this also prevents stealing and loss. Fourth, binding with a harmful mind means that the mind desires to injure and afflict, though not necessarily resulting in harm. Fifth, destroying what has been successfully accomplished means ruining what another has accomplished for use. Sixth, raising cats and the like; since in the long run there is injury and harm, one should not keep them. If one sees them on the verge of peril and rescues or ransoms them, there is no offense.