梵網經古迹記 2.162

2.162

述曰：預在佛種，法利應同，而不平用，故制為罪。「夏坐安居處」者，北并洲疏云：昔來經論，或名坐夏，或名坐臘，或名夏臘，皆由不善方言也。今依大唐三藏，譯云「雨安居」，謂雨時安居故。然西方立時不同，或立四時，謂從正月十六日室四月十五日為春時，從四月十六日至七月十五日為夏時，如此秋、冬並各三月，至正月十五日總為一歲。或總一年分為三時，謂即佛法依此為定，謂從正月十六日至五月十五日以為熱際，從五月十六日至九月十五日立為雨際，從九月十六日至正月十五日即為寒際。雨際虫多，令人譏謗，故制安居。然初安居，即從五月十六日至八月十五日，良以雨時將畢，恐至寒時不濟，故開一月為償勞月。若後安居，從六月十六日至九月十五日，即無償勞，三月雨時盡故。今此四月十六日至七月十五日，實為疎謬。既非夏時，言雨安居。言「客僧有利養分」者，信施該十方，佛制僧次故。言「得無量罪」者，以盜十方現前僧物，利縱微小，僧無邊故。

The commentary states: Once one is included within the lineage of the Buddhas, the benefits of the Dharma should be shared equally; yet distributing them unequally is therefore established as an offense. Regarding 'the place of the summer rains retreat', the commentary by [Zhiyan of] Beibingzhou says: 'From ancient times, sūtras and treatises have referred to it either as "sitting the summer" (zuoxia), or as "sitting the la" (zuola), or as "summer la" (xiala); these all stem from inadequate grasp of regional languages. Now, following the Tripiṭaka Master of the Great Tang [Xuanzang], it is translated as "rains retreat" (varṣāvāsa), meaning residing peacefully during the rainy season.' However, the division of seasons in the Western regions is not uniform. Some establish four seasons, namely taking from the sixteenth day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the fourth month as the spring season, and from the sixteenth day of the fourth month to the fifteenth day of the seventh month as the summer season; thus autumn and winter each also have three months, completing one year by the fifteenth day of the first month. Others divide the entire year into three seasons, which is the system on which the Buddha-Dharma relies: from the sixteenth day of the first month to the fifteenth day of the fifth month is taken as the hot season (grīṣma); from the sixteenth day of the fifth month to the fifteenth day of the ninth month is established as the rainy season (varṣā); and from the sixteenth day of the ninth month to the fifteenth day of the first month is the cold season (hemanta). During the rainy season, insects are abundant and people may criticize and slander; hence the retreat is instituted. Now, the earlier retreat runs from the sixteenth day of the fifth month to the fifteenth day of the eighth month; because the rainy season is about to end and it is feared provisions may fall short when the cold season arrives, an extra month is permitted as a month of compensation for toil. If it is the later retreat, running from the sixteenth day of the sixth month to the fifteenth day of the ninth month, there is no compensation for toil, because the three months of the rainy season have ended. Now, taking this period from the sixteenth day of the fourth month to the fifteenth day of the seventh month is truly a careless error; since it is not the summer season, yet is called the rains retreat. Regarding 'the guest monks receive a share of the offerings': faithful offerings extend to the ten directions, and the Buddha instituted the communal order [of distribution]. Regarding 'incurs immeasurable offense': because one steals the property of the present Saṃgha of the ten directions, even if the material gain is tiny, the Saṃgha is boundless.