金剛般若論會釋 1.57

1.57

二問：「若有種性先成，何故不速作佛？」答：「由四因緣故，不得作佛，一、不逢善友說菩提道；二、雖遇為說，倒執倒學；三、雖無此倒，方便慢緩，懈怠嬾墮，不懃精進；四、雖懃精進，善根未熟，資糧未滿，亦未長時修菩提分。無此便得。」此初發心有五德相，一者、最初發心所有正願，普攝一切其餘正願，是故發心以初正願為其自性；二者、謂起願言，「願我決定當證無上正等菩提，能作有情一切義利，畢竟安處究竟涅槃及以如來廣大智中」，是故發心決定希求為其行相。三者、以大菩提有情為境，故有所緣。四者、此初發心攝諸妙行，能違有情一切惡行，故與一切功德相應。五者、此初正願於諸世間、出世間願最上、第一。此初發心即名趣入無上菩提，在初劫內，預在大乘諸菩薩數，能為無上菩提根本，大悲等流故，分為一切學之所依止。從此已後，或有退屈，或無退屈，明退還修，有退不修。

Second, it is asked: “If someone has the lineage already established beforehand, why do they not become a Buddha quickly?” The answer is: “Due to four causes and conditions, one cannot become a Buddha: first, not meeting a good friend who teaches the path to bodhi; second, although meeting [one] who teaches it, clinging erroneously and practicing erroneously; third, although free of these errors, being lax in skillful means, indolent and lazy, and not diligently striving; fourth, although diligently striving, the roots of goodness are not yet mature, the provisions are not yet full, and one has also not cultivated the factors of bodhi for a long time. Free of these, one will succeed.” This initial generating of the mind has five virtuous characteristics: First, the correct vow of the initial generating of the mind comprehensively embraces all other correct vows; therefore, the generating of the mind has the initial correct vow as its intrinsic nature. Second, it refers to giving rise to the vow saying, ‘May I definitively realize unexcelled complete bodhi and be able to bring about all benefit and welfare for sentient beings, ultimately establishing them in final nirvāṇa and in the vast wisdom of the Tathāgata’; therefore, the generating of the mind has definitive seeking as its mental aspect. Third, because it takes great bodhi and sentient beings as its cognitive objects, it possesses an intentional object. Fourth, this initial generating of the mind gathers all wondrous practices and is able to counter all evil conduct of sentient beings; therefore, it is associated with all merits. Fifth, this initial correct vow is the most supreme and foremost among all worldly and world-transcending vows. This initial generating of the mind is called entering into unexcelled bodhi; within the first kalpa, one is counted among the Mahāyāna bodhisattvas and can become the root of unexcelled bodhi; as the outflow of great compassion, it serves as the foundation upon which all training relies. From this point forward, there are those who backslide and those who do not backslide; those who clearly backslide cultivate again, while some backslide and do not cultivate.