法華論疏 3.298

3.298

言四種相者，依此文謂實、虛、如、異以為四也。問：此四云何是無常？答：此四竝是名言所及，故是無常。法身絕於名言，所以常住。若依《佛性論》明四相者，一者緣相、二者因相、三者生相、四者壞相。緣相是無明煩惱，謂方便生死。因相是無漏業，謂因緣生死。生相是有有生死，壞相是無有生死。離此四種相，即無四種生死，故法身常住。

As for the "four kinds of characteristics," according to this text, it refers to real, empty, such, and different as the four. Question: Why are these four impermanent? Answer: All four are reached by names and concepts, and therefore are impermanent. The dharmakāya transcends names and concepts, which is why it is permanent. If according to the Treatise on Buddha-Nature one explains the four characteristics: first, the conditional characteristic; second, the causal characteristic; third, the arising characteristic; fourth, the decaying characteristic. The conditional characteristic is ignorance and afflictions, referring to expedient birth and death. The causal characteristic is untainted karma, referring to cause-and-condition birth and death. The arising characteristic is birth and death of existing states; the decaying characteristic is birth and death of non-existing states. Being free from these four characteristics means being free from the four kinds of birth and death; therefore, the dharmakāya is permanent.