佛遺教經論疏節要 1.25

1.25

佛初成道，於鹿野苑三轉四諦法輪。法即軌持。輪者，如帝王輪，從喻得名。若約法說，圓摧障惱，名轉法輪。《俱舍論》亦名梵輪，如來大梵之所轉故。《大疏》云「流演圓通名之為輪，自我之彼故名為轉。」陳如，翻火器，姓也。阿若，翻無知，名也。然《四十二章經》為憍陳如等五人：一陳如、二頞陛、三跋提、四十力迦葉、五摩訶拘利。今但標上首以攝餘四。然此法門成就則初轉法輪、最後說法，後弟子成就則陳如、跋陀。而聖智之巧，隔句配義矣。

When the Buddha first attained awakening, he turned the dharmacakra of the four truths thrice in Mṛgadāva. "Dharma" means standard and holder. "Wheel" (cakra) is named by metaphor, like the wheel of a monarch. If explained according to Dharma, roundly crushing obstacles and afflictions is called "turning the dharmacakra". The Abhidharmakośa-śāstra also calls it the brahmacakra, because it is turned by the Great Brahmā that is the Tathāgata. The Da shu states: "Its flowing propagation and perfect penetration is named a 'wheel'; going from myself to another is named 'turning'." "Kauṇḍinya" is translated as "fire vessel", which is the clan surname. "Ājñāta" is translated as "having known", which is the personal name. However, the Sūtra of Forty-two Sections speaks of the five persons including Kauṇḍinya: first, Kauṇḍinya; second, Aśvajit; third, Bhadrika; fourth, Daśabala-Kāśyapa; fifth, Mahānāman. Here it only marks the foremost in order to subsume the remaining four. Now, this accomplishment of the Dharma-gate consists of the first turning of the dharmacakra and the final preaching of the Dharma; the subsequent accomplishment of disciples consists of Kauṇḍinya and Subhadra. The skill of the sage's wisdom matches meanings across alternating lines.