佛遺教經論疏節要 1.9

1.9

經有通別二名：佛遺教，別名也；經，即通名耳。梵語具云佛陀，此翻覺者，謂覺了性相之者。然具三義：一自覺，覺知自心本無生滅；二覺他，覺一切法無不是如；三覺滿，二覺理圓稱之為滿。若準《起信》，亦彰三義：一始覺，即能證智；二本覺，即所證理；三究竟覺，即智與理冥始本不二也。又《佛地論》第一說佛有其十義，恐繁不引。遺教者，謂遺留教誡，勗彼群機也。教者傚也，使眾生傚之耳。經者，梵語修多羅，古譯為契經，正翻為線。此方不貴線稱，故存於經。《佛地論》云「能貫能攝故名為經」。以佛遺教，貫穿所應說義，攝持所化眾生故。

Sūtras have two titles: general and specific. "Buddha's Bequeathed Teaching" is the specific title; "Sūtra" is the general title. In Sanskrit, it is fully stated as "Buddha"; here it is translated as "Awakened One", referring to one who is awakened to nature and characteristics. It possesses three meanings: first, self-enlightenment, awakening to the fact that one's own mind originally has no arising or ceasing; second, enlightening others, awakening to the fact that all phenomena are nothing other than suchness; third, perfection of enlightenment, when the principle of the two enlightenments is roundly perfected, it is called "perfection". According to the Qixin lun, three meanings are also displayed: first, initial enlightenment, which is the wisdom that can realise; second, original enlightenment, which is the principle realised; third, ultimate enlightenment, where wisdom and principle merge and initial and original [enlightenment] are non-dual. Furthermore, the first roll of the Buddhabhūmi-śāstra states that "Buddha" has ten meanings, which are omitted to avoid prolixity. "Bequeathed teaching" means leaving behind instructions and admonitions to urge those various capacities. "Teaching" (jiao) means to emulate (xiao), causing sentient beings to emulate it. "Sūtra" in Sanskrit is sūtra; anciently translated as "matching warp" (qijing), the correct translation is "thread". Since this land does not value the term "thread", "sūtra" (jing) is retained. The Buddhabhūmi-śāstra states: "Because it can string together and gather in, it is called a sūtra." This is because the Buddha's bequeathed teaching strings together the intended meanings and gathers in the sentient beings to be transformed.