俱舍論記 11.30

11.30

「八捺落迦至故說為增」者，解十六增。門各有四，四重圍繞，塹最在外。所言增者，第一解云：此是增上被刑害所，故說名增。第二解云：本地獄中適被害已，重遭害故，故名為增。第三解云：有說有情從地獄出已，數更遭此苦，故說為增。此約出本地獄已數數受苦名增，故與第二不同。《正理》更有一解云「或於此中受種種苦，苦具多類，故說為增。」𮓁伽，此云功德，梵此云具。

Regarding the passage from "The eight narakas" up to "therefore they are called 'additions' (utsada)": This explains the sixteen additions. Each side has four gates, surrounded in four folds, with the moat being the outermost. As for what is called an "addition" (*utsada*), the first explanation says: These are places where torment and punishment are intensified (*adhimātra*), hence they are named additions. The second explanation says: Having just suffered injury in the principal hell, they suffer injury once again; hence they are named additions. The third explanation says: Some say that after sentient beings have emerged from the hell, they repeatedly encounter this suffering; hence they are said to be additions. This refers to repeatedly experiencing suffering after having exited the principal hell as being an addition, and is thus different from the second explanation. The *Nyāyānusāra* provides another explanation, saying: "Or in these places they undergo various kinds of suffering, and the instruments of suffering are of many kinds; hence they are called additions." *Utsada* here translates as "merit/virtue" (*guṇa*), while the Sanskrit here denotes "instruments/equipment" (*upakaraṇa*).