俱舍論記 12.19

12.19

「成中初劫至有情漸捨」者，明成、壞劫二種不同：共業易故，一劫成、壞；別業難故，十九成、壞。準此論文，梵王但受五十八劫，謂成十九、住二十、壞十九。故《大智度論》云「梵王壽命五十八劫。」前言梵王六十劫者，據大數而言。又解：初成劫時梵王即住，言十九劫成有情者，從多為論。據器成已，後壞劫時梵王亦住，火從下壞臨至梵王方生上天，數滿六十，非要具受。問：若依《立世經》十劫成器世間，十劫成有情世間，十劫壞有情世間，十劫壞器世間。如何會釋？解云：《立世經》說梵王十小劫獨住，然後梵輔等生。彼經意說以大梵王獨一少故攝入器中，故說十劫成器世間。據梵輔已下，從多分說，故言十劫成有情世間。此論多、少通論，故說十九劫成有情世間，一劫成器世間。又《立世經》說初從壞地獄乃至壞梵輔，經十小劫眾生世界壞，然梵王未上生也。彼經意說，以大梵王獨一少故攝入器中。又據漸壞，故言十劫壞器世間。據梵輔已下，從多分說，故言十劫壞有情世間。此論多、少通論，故言十九劫壞有情世間，一劫壞器世間。前有情世間中引《婆沙》評家義。梵王二十中劫獨一而住者，通初、後說。初十劫獨一而住，梵眾生已未敢共居，復經十劫然始共居，故知有二十劫。

"[The period] from the first kalpa of formation [...] until sentient beings gradually abandon [it]" explains the two differences between the kalpas of formation and destruction: because common karma is easy [to manifest], formation and destruction [of the receptacle world] take one kalpa; because individual karma is difficult [to manifest], [the formation and destruction of sentient beings] take nineteen [kalpas]. Based on this treatise text, the Brahmā King experiences only fifty-eight kalpas—namely, nineteen of formation, twenty of continuation, and nineteen of destruction. Therefore the Da zhidu lun says: "The lifespan of the Brahmā King is fifty-eight kalpas." The previous statement that the Brahmā King [lives for] sixty kalpas is made in terms of a round number. Another explanation is: at the time of the initial kalpa of formation, the Brahmā King is already abiding; the statement that nineteen kalpas form sentient beings is discussed in terms of the majority. Based on the receptacle world having already formed, at the subsequent time of the kalpa of destruction the Brahmā King also abides; as the fire destroys from below, only when it reaches near the Brahmā King does he take rebirth in the higher heaven, so the number fulfills sixty, though he does not necessarily experience them in full. Question: If, according to the Lokasthiti-śāstra, ten kalpas form the receptacle world, ten kalpas form the world of sentient beings, ten kalpas destroy the world of sentient beings, and ten kalpas destroy the receptacle world, how are these reconciled? The explanation is: the Lokasthiti-śāstra states that the Brahmā King abides alone for ten minor kalpas, and thereafter the Brahmā-purohita and others are born. The intention of that sūtra is to say that because the Great Brahmā King is solitary and singular, he is subsumed within the receptacle [world]; therefore it says that ten kalpas form the receptacle world. Taking from the Brahmā-purohita downwards, speaking from the predominant part, it therefore says that ten kalpas form the world of sentient beings. This treatise comprehensively discusses the many and the few together; therefore it says that nineteen kalpas form the world of sentient beings, and one kalpa forms the receptacle world. Furthermore, the Lokasthiti-śāstra states that from the destruction of the hells up to the destruction of the Brahmā-purohita, ten minor kalpas elapse wherein the world of sentient beings is destroyed, but the Brahmā King has not yet ascended in rebirth. The intention of that sūtra is to say that because the Great Brahmā King is solitary and singular, he is subsumed within the receptacle [world]. Moreover, based on gradual destruction, it therefore says that ten kalpas destroy the receptacle world. Taking from the Brahmā-purohita downwards, speaking from the predominant part, it therefore says that ten kalpas destroy the world of sentient beings. This treatise comprehensively discusses the many and the few together; therefore it says that nineteen kalpas destroy the world of sentient beings, and one kalpa destroys the receptacle world. Previously, in the world of sentient beings, the position of the evaluators in the Vibhāṣā was cited. The statement that the Brahmā King abides solitary and alone for twenty intermediate kalpas combines the beginning and the end: for the first ten kalpas he abides solitary and alone, and after the Brahmā assembly is born they do not yet dare to dwell together with him; another ten kalpas elapse, and only then do they begin to dwell together; thus we know there are twenty kalpas.