俱舍論記 15.62

15.62

「若爾何緣至立他勝名」者，經部師難。若言犯重非捨戒者，何緣佛說犯四重者不名苾芻等？苾芻以戒為體，不名苾芻明知捨戒。戒能破惡說名沙門，不名沙門明知捨戒。戒從釋迦金口所說教法所生名釋迦子，非釋迦子明知捨戒。以破苾芻戒體故，所以不名苾芻。以害沙門戒體故，所以不名沙門。於持戒中是壞、是滅、是墮、是落故，所以非釋迦子。由犯四重立他勝名，梵名波羅夷，此云他勝。善法名自、惡法名他，若善勝惡法名為自勝，若惡法勝善名為他勝，故犯重人名為他勝。

"If so, for what reason [did the Buddha state] up to [establishing the name 'defeat']?": This is an objection by the Sautrāntika master. If you say that committing a grave offense is not abandoning the vows, for what reason did the Buddha say that one who commits the four grave offenses is not called a bhikṣu, and so on? A bhikṣu has precepts as his essence; not being called a bhikṣu clearly shows he has abandoned the precepts. Precepts can destroy evil and are therefore called śramaṇa; not being called a śramaṇa clearly shows he has abandoned the precepts. Precepts arise from the teaching spoken from the golden mouth of Śākyamuni and are therefore called 'son of Śākya'; not being a son of Śākya clearly shows he has abandoned the precepts. Because he breaks the essence of a bhikṣu's precepts, he is not called a bhikṣu. Because he harms the essence of a śramaṇa's precepts, he is not called a śramaṇa. In observance of precepts, he is broken, destroyed, fallen, and ruined; therefore, he is not a son of Śākya. Because of committing the four grave offenses, the name 'defeat' is established; the Sanskrit is *pārājika*, which is translated here as 'defeat by others'. Wholesome dharmas are called 'self', and unwholesome dharmas are called 'other'. If wholesome dharmas overcome unwholesome dharmas, it is called 'self-victory'; if unwholesome dharmas overcome wholesome dharmas, it is called 'defeat by others'. Therefore, a person who commits a grave offense is called 'defeated by others'.