俱舍論記 3.5

3.5

Regarding [the passage] "Supremacy, sovereignty... the meaning of predominance of a faculty": Answer: In the grammatical science (śabdavidyā) of the western regions, when forming a word there is the verbal root (dhātu) and the affix (pratyaya). "Supremacy" and "sovereignty" are the verbal root, and "illumination" is the affix. Through this verbal root and affix, together the meaning of predominance (adhipatitva) of a faculty is formed. Therefore Nyāyānusāra, fascicle nine, states: "This meaning of predominance is made evident through the meaning of the verbal root. The verbal root is said to be *idi* or said to be *indi*. Supremacy and sovereignty are the meaning of *idi*; shining and clear illumination are the meaning of *indi*. According to this, radiant illumination is called indriya." Explanation: Each of the twenty-two faculties has a predominant function in matters. What is the meaning of predominance? It is possessing great causal efficacy and extremely obvious characteristics; only then is it called predominant. This meaning of predominance is made evident through the meaning of the verbal root. "Root" (dhātu) has the meaning of essence. In the western regions, word elements have three hundred verses—namely *idi*, *indi*, and so forth—each having multiple meanings. In explaining that supremacy and sovereignty are the meaning of *idi*, the Sanskrit explanation says *idi parameśvarye*. Herein, *parama* means supreme, *īśvara* means sovereign, and *-e* is the seventh case-ending (locative), meaning "in"; that is, the word *idi* is established in the meaning of supremacy and sovereignty. Supremacy and sovereignty are the meaning proper to the verbal root *idi*, also called the root-meaning. In saying that shining and clear illumination are the meaning of *indi*, the Sanskrit explanation says *indi dīptau*. Herein, *dīp-* means illumination, and *-au* is also the seventh case-ending, meaning that the word *indi* is established in the meaning of illumination. Illumination is the meaning proper to *indi*, also called the root-meaning. Of these two kinds of root-meanings: the former is supremacy and sovereignty, which is possessing great causal efficacy; the latter is illumination, which is extremely obvious characteristics. "Radiant illumination": illumination in Sanskrit is *indanti*, which is an affix. Aiding the verbal root *idi*, it is called *indriyam*, translated as "faculty" (indriya), manifesting the meaning of predominance. Radiant in Sanskrit is *dīpti*, which is an affix. Aiding the aforementioned verbal root *indi*, it is called *indriyam*, translated as "faculty", manifesting the meaning of predominance. This *indriyam* fully contains possessing great causal efficacy and extremely obvious characteristics; it is translated as "faculty", both manifesting predominance. The Kośa explains relying on the former meaning; hence it says that supremacy, sovereignty, and illumination are called indriya. That is, the Nyāyānusāra takes the affix of illumination to aid *idi*, *idi* being supremacy and sovereignty. Due to the affix aiding the root, it forms *indriyam*, translated as "faculty". From these [meanings of] supremacy and so forth, together the meaning of predominance of a faculty is formed. Another explanation: because the essence of a faculty is superior, it is called supreme; because the function of a faculty is superior, it is called sovereign; because essence and function are both superior, it is called illuminating.