俱舍論疏 10.42

10.42

論「隨所立名至故說為名」，答也。答中有二：先總答、後別釋。此總答也。「隨所立名於義轉變故說為名」者，正舉名也。「隨根、境勢力於義轉變故說為名」者，四蘊似名，故稱名也。《正理論》云「佛說無色四蘊名名。何故名名？能表召故，謂能表召種種所緣。若爾不，應全攝無色，不相應法無所緣故。不爾，表召唯在無色，如釋色名，所說無過。佛說變礙故名為色，去、來、無表及諸極微，雖無變礙而得名色。以無色中無變礙故，變礙名色，非不極成。」准《正理論》，亦以四蘊表召同名，故標名稱。此論以四蘊轉變而緣，同名轉變詮表，故標名稱。

The treatise says: "Because they bend towards objects in accordance with designations given [...] therefore they are called nāma." This is the answer. In the answer there are two parts: first an overarching answer, and then a specific explanation. This is the overarching answer. "Because they bend towards objects in accordance with designations given, therefore they are called nāma" refers directly to names. "Because they bend towards objects in accordance with the force of sense faculties and sense objects, therefore they are called nāma" means that the four skandhas resemble names, and are therefore called nāma. The Nyāyānusāra states: "The Buddha taught that the four immaterial skandhas are called nāma. Why are they called nāma? Because they can express and evoke, that is, they can express and evoke various intentional objects. If so, they should not completely subsume the immaterial, since non-associated dharmas have no intentional objects. This is not so; expressing and evoking occurs only in the immaterial, just as in the explanation of the name rūpa, what is stated is without fault. The Buddha taught that because of transformation and obstruction it is called rūpa; yet past, future, avijñapti, and subtle atoms, though without transformation and obstruction, obtain the name rūpa. Because within the immaterial there is no transformation and obstruction, transformation and obstruction is called rūpa, which is not unestablished." According to the Nyāyānusāra, because the expressing and evoking of the four skandhas is the same as that of names, they are designated with the name nāma. This treatise holds that because the four skandhas bend toward and take cognitive objects just as names bend toward and express, they are designated with the name nāma.