俱舍論疏 27.142

27.142

論「彼據多分或就勝說」，答也。《正理論》云「六通皆是解脫道攝。眼、耳二識是解脫道，理不成故。應作是說：四靜慮中有定相應勝無記惠，能引自地勝大種果。此惠現前，便引自地天眼、天耳令現在前為所依根，發眼、耳識。故眼、耳二識相應惠非通，但可說言是通所引（已上論文）。」今依《婆沙》等論雜釋六通。《婆沙》一百云「問：何故名宿住隨念智？宿住隨念智是何義？答：諸過去生有漏五蘊名為宿住，隨念勢力而能知彼，故名宿住隨念智。謂此聚中雖有多法，而念力增，故說隨念。如自性念生智，雖惠為體，而念力增，名本性念生智。有現知他心、心所法非他心智，謂如有一，或觀相、或聞語、或得如是生處得智，能觀知他心心法。人中有覩相智知彼心，有聞語知他心（可解不錄）。或占卜者，如諸外道種種占卜知他心者。生處得智知他心者，謂地獄等有。其事云何？且地獄中亦有生處得智，能知他心等，然無別現事可說。問：彼於何時知他心等？答：初生地獄未受苦時。若受苦已，尚不能知自心所念，況能知他心、心所法？問：彼住何心知他心等，善耶？染污耶？無覆無記耶？答：三種皆能知。問：為住意識？為五識？答：唯住意識。問：為住威儀路心、為住工巧處心、為住異熟生心，知他心等？答：唯住威儀路心。所以者何？彼無現起工巧處心故。彼異熟生心，唯五識有故。」又一百一云「傍生趣亦有生處得智，能知他心等。初、中、後位皆悉能知，善、染、無記三種皆能知，唯意識知。威儀、工巧、異熟生，三種皆能知，彼亦現起工巧處心故。彼異熟生心，意識亦有故。非如地獄，決定不受善異熟果。鬼趣亦有生處得智知他心等，如傍生說。本性念生智現憶知宿住事者，唯人趣中有，四趣中無此智。」

The Śāstra states: "That relies on the majority, or is spoken in terms of what is preeminent." This is the answer. The Nyāyānusāra says: "All six supernormal powers are subsumed under the path of liberation. Because the two consciousnesses of eye and ear being the path of liberation is logically untenable, it should be stated thus: in the four dhyānas, there is a superior indeterminate wisdom associated with absorption that can induce superior material element results of its own stage. When this wisdom becomes manifest, it induces the divine eye and divine ear of its own stage to become manifest as the supporting faculties, giving rise to eye- and ear-consciousness. Therefore, the wisdom associated with the two consciousnesses of eye and ear is not itself the supernormal power; it can only be said to be induced by the supernormal power" (end of text). Now, relying on treatises such as the Vibhāṣā, the six supernormal powers are variously explained. Fascicle 100 of the Vibhāṣā says: "Question: Why is it called 'knowledge following memory of past lives'? What does 'knowledge following memory of past lives' mean? Answer: The defiled five skandhas of past lives are called 'past lives'; because one is able to know them through the power of memory, it is called 'knowledge following memory of past lives'. Although there are many dharmas in this aggregate, because the power of mindfulness is predominant, it is said to 'follow memory'. Just as innate knowledge following memory: although its essence is wisdom, because the power of mindfulness is predominant, it is called innate knowledge following memory. There is present knowledge of others' minds and mental factors that is not the supernormal power of knowing others' minds: for instance, someone who either observes physical marks, hears speech, or obtains such birth-acquired knowledge, and is able to observe and know others' minds and mental dharmas. Among humans, there are those who know others' minds by observing marks, and those who know others' minds by hearing speech (this is easily understood and not recorded). Or diviners, such as various non-Buddhists who know others' minds through various kinds of divination. As for knowing others' minds through birth-acquired knowledge, it exists in the hells and so on. What is that like? In the hells there is also birth-acquired knowledge able to know others' minds and so on, but there are no distinct present instances to speak of. Question: Abiding in what mind do they know others' minds and so on: wholesome? defiled? or unobstructed-indeterminate? Answer: In all three kinds they can know it. Question: Does it abide in mental consciousness or in the five consciousnesses? Answer: It abides exclusively in mental consciousness. Question: Do they know others' minds and so on abiding in a mind of deportment, a mind of technical arts, or a mind born of ripening? Answer: Exclusively abiding in a mind of deportment. Why is that? Because for them, a mind of technical arts never becomes manifest. And their minds born of ripening exist only in the five consciousnesses." Furthermore, fascicle 101 says: "The animal destiny also has birth-acquired knowledge able to know others' minds and so on. In the initial, middle, and final stages, all are able to know it; in all three—wholesome, defiled, and indeterminate—they can know it, and it is known exclusively by mental consciousness. In all three—deportment, technical arts, and born of ripening—they can know it, because for them a mind of technical arts also becomes manifest, and their minds born of ripening exist also in mental consciousness. It is not like the hells, where they definitively do not experience the fruits of wholesome ripening. The ghost destiny also has birth-acquired knowledge that knows others' minds and so on, as described for animals. Innate knowledge following memory that presently recalls and knows the events of past lives exists only in the human destiny; in the other four destinies, this knowledge does not exist."