俱舍論疏 18.26

18.26

The Śāstra states: "Schism of action only... hence it also says 'and so forth'", explaining schism of action (karmabheda) in the Sangha. The Nyāyānusāra says: "At what times can schism in the Sangha occur? Schism of action [can occur] from after the demarcation of the boundary (sīmā) onward, even down to the present day, until the Dharma has perished. Schism of the dharmacakra [can occur] excluding six periods of time." The Vibhāṣā says: "Question: When the schism in the Sangha occurs, is the Buddha present in the community? Answer: The Buddha at that time dwells within that boundary, but is not present in the community. How is this known? It was once heard that when Devadatta was about to cause a schism in the Sangha, the Buddha, out of compassion, rebuked and restrained him, saying: 'Devadatta! Do not cause a schism in the Sangha. Do not generate extremely grave, unwholesome evil karma; do not head toward a place of great, unwanted suffering and retribution.' Although the Buddha thus earnestly rebuked and restrained him, he had no mind to desist at all. At that time, the World-Honoured One gave rise to correct gnosis and vision, carefully observing the past [to see] if he himself had in the past caused schism among another's retinue. He then personally observed and saw: countless and immeasurable eons ago, I once ruined the retinue of another ṛṣi; the fruition (vipāka) of that karma is now present before me. Having observed and seen this, he knew that this Sangha was certainly destined to be ruined; he then entered a quiet chamber and sat silently in meditation, and Devadatta thereupon divided the Sangha. Therefore, it is known that the World-Honoured One was within the boundary, but was not in the assembly." Fascicle 106 of the Vibhāṣā says: "Question: What is the distinction between schism of action and schism of the dharmacakra? Answer: Schism of action means that within a single boundary there are two divisions of the Sangha, dwelling separately and performing their respective poṣadha rituals and reciting the precepts. Schism of the dharmacakra means establishing a different teacher and a different path. As Devadatta said: 'I am the Great Teacher, not the śramaṇa Gautama. The five dharmas are the Path, not the Noble Eightfold Path spoken of by Gautama.'"