俱舍論疏 23.4

23.4

[On the *Śāstra*’s:] “The treatise says … cultivates the four applications of mindfulness,” this generally explains the purpose of cultivating the applications of mindfulness. *Śamatha* is translated here as calming. *Vipaśyanā* is translated here as insight. The *Nyāyānusāra* says: “Having perfected the cultivation of calming as a basis, one cultivates the four applications of mindfulness in order to rapidly accomplish insight, for one who has not attained samādhi cannot see things as they truly are.” Examining the meaning of that treatise, the fivefold mental pacifications are intended to stop distraction, emphasizing the cultivation of calming. At that time, fixing the mind on a single characteristic by conceptualizing the skeleton and so forth is called calming. The contemplation of the four applications of mindfulness grasps the differentiated characteristics of body, feeling, mind, and dharmas, and further grasps various differentiated characteristics within the body, eliminating the four inversions and giving rise to vision as it truly is; hence it is called insight.