俱舍論疏 27.84

27.84

On the Śāstra's statement: "The Vaibhāṣikas say ... just as a farmer": this explains that the formless [realm] is known through inferential knowledge. The words "observing their causal practices and their flowing outflows" mean that one first employs other knowledge to carefully observe their preceding causes and their subsequent flowing outflows; when this knowledge arises, it induces true knowledge resulting from resolve. Or, observing the mind at the time of death and rebirth in the desire and form [realms], one infers and knows where one is reborn and whence one came. Just as a farmer knows the subsequent sprout when seeing the seed, and knows the preceding seed when seeing the sprout. The Nyāyānusāra says: "If so, why is it called 'knowledge resulting from resolve'? For trainees and ordinary persons can also know [such things]. This is not so; because what is known is either definite or indefinite. It is traditionally said: when the great śrāvakas predict future events, some are definite and some are indefinite. The definite ones are [known by] knowledge resulting from resolve; the indefinite ones are not [known by] knowledge resulting from resolve. One explanation is: knowledge resulting from resolve truly knows the future, meaning that one first gives rise to inferential knowledge to observe the past and present worlds, and by inferring and estimating the future, it induces the arising of knowledge resulting from resolve, and only then can one truly see it; precisely by this means is one able to know the formless [realm]. That is, one first observes their causal practices and flowing outflows, an inferential knowledge arises, which induces true knowledge resulting from resolve. Or, observing the mind at the time of death and rebirth in the desire and form [realms], one infers and knows where one is reborn and whence one came, and this induces the arising of knowledge resulting from resolve, so that one can truly know it. A second explanation says: or, there is no fault even if it is known by inferential knowledge, because the object of direct realization and inferential knowledge must be the same. If it were not known by inference, how could it be directly realized? If that were so, one could not say that knowledge resulting from resolve has the power to universally take the three realms and the three times as its object." According to this, it takes the three realms and the three times as its object.