俱舍論頌疏論本 14.95

14.95

釋曰：稱近事發戒者，答發戒時也。《大名經》中稱近事，言此時發戒。謂經云：「自稱我是鄔波索迦，願尊憶持，慈悲護念。」此時即發近事五戒，稱近事等言便發律儀故。本求戒心，擬受五戒，故受三歸即發五戒，以經復說我從今日乃至命終，捨生言故。此經意說捨殺生等，略去殺等，但說捨生，故於前時已發五戒。說如苾芻等者，舉喻釋成也。說謂經說捨殺生等，由如苾芻一白三羯磨竟，發苾芻戒。後說四重學處者，令識相堅持。近事戒亦然，先受三歸已，發近事戒，後說捨生等，令識相堅持，是故近事必具律儀。

The explanation says: "By proclaiming oneself a lay follower, the discipline is generated" answers the time of generating the discipline. In the *Mahānāma Sūtra*, proclaiming oneself a lay follower is the moment the discipline is generated. That is, the sūtra says: "Proclaiming himself, 'I am an upāsaka; may the venerable one bear me in mind and protect me with loving-kindness and compassion.'" At this very moment, one generates the five precepts of a lay follower, because by uttering the words proclaiming oneself a lay follower and so forth, one directly generates the moral discipline. The fundamental intention to seek the precepts is aimed at undertaking the five precepts; therefore, upon taking the three refuges, one directly generates the five precepts, because the sūtra further speaks of the words: "From this day forth until the end of my life, I abandon [harming] living beings." The meaning of this sūtra is abandoning the killing of living beings and so forth; it merely abbreviates "killing and so forth" and speaks only of "abandoning living beings"; therefore, at the earlier moment, one has already generated the five precepts. "It is explained as being like a monk and the like" offers an analogy to explain and establish this. "Explained" means that the sūtra speaks of abandoning the killing of living beings and so forth just as a monk, upon completing the one motion and three announcements (karmavācanā), generates the monk's discipline. Subsequently reciting the training rules of the four grave offenses is meant to make him recognize their marks and firmly uphold them. The precepts of a lay follower are likewise: first having taken the three refuges, one generates the discipline of a lay follower; subsequently speaking of abandoning [harming] living beings and so forth is meant to make him recognize their marks and firmly uphold them. Therefore, a lay follower must possess the complete discipline.