俱舍論頌疏論本 15.10

15.10

不律從一切，有情支非因者，謂不律儀從一切有情得，心擬遍殺諸有情故。從一切支得，謂不律儀具一切支，身三、口四皆造惡故。非因者，非一切因，下品等心不俱起故。問：「如屠羊等不律儀人，於一生中不與不取，於己妻妾住知足心，瘂不能言，無語四過，如何於彼具一切支？」答：「彼遍損善阿世耶故（阿世耶，此云意樂也），雖瘂不言，以手指揮，而身表語所欲說義，故得具支。」若不要期盡壽及不具支，兼不遍有情者，但得處中惡，不名不律儀。依經部宗，隨所期限支具、不具，於諸有情遍與不遍，皆得不律儀。近事戒亦然，隨受多少皆得戒也。唯除八戒，以時促故，要須具支及遍有情，方發戒也。不律儀者，謂諸屠羊、屠雞、屠猪、捕鳥、捕魚、獵獸、劫盜、魁膾、典獄、縛龍、煮狗、罝弶、惡王、典刑、罰人、聽察、斷罪等人。言縛龍者，謂以呪術繫縛龍蛇，戲樂求物，以自存活。煮狗者，西國惡旃陀羅人呼為煮狗，或可煮狗以充所食。聽察者，謂御史等。斷罪者，謂大理等。

"Non-discipline is from all sentient beings and factors, but not the causes": this means that non-discipline is acquired from all sentient beings, because the mind intends to kill all sentient beings universally. Being acquired from all factors means that non-discipline possesses all factors, because one commits evil with all three bodily and four vocal [actions]. "Not the causes" means not from all causes, because the lower grade and other minds do not arise simultaneously. Question: "For a person of non-discipline, such as a sheep butcher, who throughout their life does not take what is not given, who maintains contentment with their own wife or concubines, and who is mute and cannot speak, thus having none of the four vocal faults—how could they possess all factors?" Answer: "Because they universally impair wholesome āśaya (āśaya is translated here as resolution); even though they are mute and cannot speak, they direct with their fingers, and by bodily intimations (vijñapti) express what they wish to say; hence they are able to possess all factors." If one does not resolve for the duration of life, does not possess all factors, and does not encompass all sentient beings universally, one only acquires intermediate unwholesome [conduct], and it is not called non-discipline. According to the Sautrāntika school, according to whatever time limit is set, whether the factors are complete or incomplete, and whether it is universal or not universal toward sentient beings, one always acquires non-discipline. The upāsaka precepts are likewise: according to how many one receives, one always acquires the precepts. The only exception is the eight precepts [of upavāsa]: because the duration is short, one must possess all factors and encompass all sentient beings universally before the precepts are generated. Those of non-discipline refer to sheep butchers, chicken butchers, pig butchers, fowlers, fishermen, hunters, robbers, executioners, jailers, dragon binders, dog cookers, trappers, wicked kings, execution officials, penalizers, investigators, and magistrates. "Dragon binders" refers to those who bind dragons and snakes with mantras, playing with them for amusement to seek wealth, thereby sustaining themselves. "Dog cookers": in the Western regions, wicked caṇḍālas are called "dog cookers", or it may refer to those who cook dogs to supply their own food. "Investigators" refers to censors and the like. "Magistrates" refers to high court judges and the like.