俱舍論頌疏論本 14.84

14.84

The explanation says: There are seven points here. First, 'in the morning' means that receiving this precept must be at sunrise, because this precept must last for a full day and night; if there are obstructive conditions in the morning, it may also be received after the midday meal. Second, 'must be on a lower seat' means sitting before the teacher on an inferior, lower seat, or squatting, kneeling, bowing, and joining one's palms, except only when ill; if one lacks respect, the discipline does not arise. Third, 'received from a teacher' means it must be taken from a teacher, with no allowance for self-reception; later, if encountering conditions for violating precepts, out of shame before the precept teacher, one can avoid violating them. Fourth, 'reciting following the instruction' means that the receiver of this precept should follow the teacher's instruction and repeat after him, neither before nor simultaneously; if conferral and reception are otherwise, neither is valid. Fifth, receiving all eight factors fully completes fasting; lacking any one of them, fasting is not completed. Sixth, 'free from adornment' is because it is a source of arrogance and self-indulgence; everyday bodily adornments do not necessarily need to be discarded, because arrogance cannot arise on account of them. Seventh, 'for a day and night' means until sunrise the next morning; if not received properly according to Dharma in this way, it generates only good conduct and one does not acquire the discipline. Calling it 'fasting' (upavāsa, 'dwelling near') means dwelling near the arhats, because one trains in emulation of them; or it means dwelling near the lifelong precepts; or it is called 'nourishing' (poṣadha), because it nourishes sentient beings of weak and slight roots of goodness, causing their roots of goodness to gradually grow. As a verse says: 'Since through this one can nourish / The good, pure minds of oneself and others, / Therefore the Bhagavān / Called this nourishing.'