瑜伽論記 1.431

1.431

又三祇後無別百劫修相報，然本業瓔珞等經云：第十地後，更經多劫，修千三昧，學象步等。但是第三僧祇數攝，應知三劫各千佛，並各據一水火等劫同劫出世，無別大劫名為賢劫，何以得知？如賢劫經及長阿含經等並云：此劫初成之時水雨充滿。上界諸天下觀水聚。見千蓮等光明照曜如百千日。諸天記言此劫大劫賢。於此劫中當有千佛出現於世。此豈不記水火劫中有千佛耶。又依立世、毘曇云：住劫中八小劫已過。十一未來。第九一劫現在。此第九劫幾多已過幾多未來。未來定餘六百九十年。世云今時住劫中第九劫。即配屬云。前五劫中無佛。第六劫中有拘留孫佛。乃至今第九劫有釋迦佛出。後第十劫中有彌勒佛。後十劫住無佛出者不然。西方判之。今時正當住劫中。已有四佛出世。長阿含云：拘留孫佛於四萬歲時出等者，從住劫初人壽命無量，減至四萬歲時拘留孫佛出，三萬歲時拘那含佛出世，二萬歲時迦葉佛出世，一百歲時釋迦出世，從此漸減迄於十歲至刀兵劫。如彌勒下生云：近刀兵劫，若依立世、毘曇，近飢饉劫。故彼論云：此劫為飢餓故盡，過十歲已壽命漸增，至八萬歲彌勒出世。既依西方判，今正當住劫初劫。立世云：此劫為飢餓故盡。復准瑜伽三十歲時有飢餓劫，彌勒成佛經說：近刀兵劫者，據至十歲後有九百九十五佛，於十九劫中出說。依立世，今是第九住劫，彌勒第十劫出，餘諸佛於後十劫分布漸出，更安二千佛出亦得無妨，以於中間一一佛出相去，皆隔眾多歲數時劫。以大乘判，住劫具足二十下世二十上故，於初劫減時四佛出世，增時一佛出世，即初劫已，有五佛出世，自餘諸佛於後十九住劫，前後分布出現於世。長阿含云：毘婆尸佛人壽八萬歲出世，尸棄佛七萬歲嚴出。毘舍婆佛六萬歲時出者，應是前水火劫二十住中，最後住劫漸減時出，雖復隔劫是七佛數，故一處列之。

Furthermore, after the three asaṃkhyeyas there are no separate hundred kalpas for cultivating the marks and rewards. Although sūtras such as the Benye yingluo jing say that after the tenth stage one passes through still more kalpas cultivating the thousand samādhis, learning the elephant's gait, and so forth, these are simply included within the count of the third asaṃkhyeya. One should know that each of the three kalpas has a thousand Buddhas, and they all appear in the same world based upon one and the same kalpa of water, fire, etc.; there is no separate great kalpa called the Bhadrakalpa. How is this known? For the Bhadrakalpika-sūtra, the Dīrghāgama, and other texts all state: 'When this kalpa was first formed, it was filled with rain and water. The devas of the higher realms looked down upon the mass of water and saw a thousand lotuses radiating light like hundreds of thousands of suns. The devas made the prediction: "This kalpa is a greatly auspicious (bhadra) kalpa; within this kalpa a thousand Buddhas shall appear in the world."' Does this not prophesy that within a kalpa of water and fire there are a thousand Buddhas? Furthermore, relying on the Lokasthiti-abhidharma-śāstra (Lishi apitan lun), it states that of the dwelling kalpas, eight intermediate kalpas have already passed, eleven are in the future, and the ninth kalpa is the present one. Of this ninth kalpa, how much has passed and how much remains in the future? In the future, exactly six hundred and ninety years remain. People of the world say that now is the ninth kalpa of the dwelling kalpas, and allocate them thus: 'In the first five kalpas there were no Buddhas; in the sixth kalpa Krakucchanda Buddha appeared; down to the present ninth kalpa Śākyamuni Buddha appeared; in the future tenth kalpa Maitreya Buddha will appear; and in the remaining ten dwelling kalpas no Buddhas will appear.' This is incorrect. The scholars of the Western Regions determine it otherwise: now is right within the dwelling kalpa, and four Buddhas have already appeared in the world. As the Dīrghāgama states: 'Krakucchanda Buddha appeared when human lifespans were forty thousand years,' and so forth. From the beginning of the dwelling kalpa, when human lifespans were immeasurable, it decreased until Krakucchanda Buddha appeared at forty thousand years, Kanakamuni Buddha appeared at thirty thousand years, Kāśyapa Buddha appeared at twenty thousand years, and Śākyamuni Buddha appeared at one hundred years. From then it progressively decreases down to ten years, reaching the kalpa of warfare. As the Maitreya-vyākaraṇa says, it is near the kalpa of warfare; if one relies on the Lokasthiti-abhidharma, it is near the kalpa of famine. Therefore that treatise states: 'This kalpa ends on account of starvation.' Once ten years have passed, the lifespan progressively increases, and when it reaches eighty thousand years, Maitreya will appear. Since, relying on the determination of the Western Regions, we are right now in the initial kalpa of the dwelling kalpa, and the Lokasthiti-śāstra says: 'This kalpa ends on account of starvation,' and furthermore, in accord with the Yogācārabhūmi, at thirty years of age there is a kalpa of famine, the statement in the Maitreyābhisambodhi-sūtra that it is near the kalpa of warfare is made based on the fact that after reaching ten years, nine hundred and ninety-five Buddhas will appear in the nineteen kalpas. Relying on the Lokasthiti-śāstra, now is the ninth dwelling kalpa, Maitreya will appear in the tenth kalpa, and the remaining Buddhas will be distributed gradually throughout the latter ten kalpas; even accommodating the appearance of two thousand Buddhas would be unobstructed, because the intervals between the appearance of each Buddha are separated by numerous years, seasons, and kalpas. Determined according to the Mahāyāna, the dwelling kalpa is fully endowed with twenty descents and twenty ascents; therefore, during the decrease of the first kalpa four Buddhas appear in the world, and during the increase one Buddha appears, meaning that in the first kalpa alone five Buddhas have already appeared in the world, while the remaining Buddhas are distributed earlier and later across the subsequent nineteen dwelling kalpas to appear in the world. The Dīrghāgama states: 'Vipaśyin Buddha appeared when human lifespans were eighty thousand years, Śikhin Buddha appeared at seventy thousand years, and Viśvabhū Buddha appeared at sixty thousand years'—these must have appeared during the gradual decrease of the final dwelling kalpa among the twenty dwelling [kalpas] of the previous water-fire kalpa. Although separated by kalpas, they are numbered among the seven Buddhas, and are thus listed together in one place.