瑜伽論記 18.502

18.502

言小隨及小者，準明了論戒有三種：一、小戒，謂僧伽胝等；二、隨小或者，是彼不具分罪；三、非小戒，謂四波羅夷。真諦釋云：有罪非極重故名小。五部宗云：方便於根本悉是不具分，并隨一而轉故名隨小，夷罪極重故名非小。又論云：復次小戒者，諸戒中自性戒，隨小戒者諸戒中所有制戒，非小戒者四重戒。真諦又釋云：不論方便及根本有殘罪中，若是性罪者悉名為小，若是制罪者皆名隨小，有殘性罪常謹，是罪不名隨小，而非極重故名小，制罪體性非由制，由後隨制成熟故名隨，亦非極重故名小，重如前解。

Regarding "minor and minor-associated [offenses]," according to the Treatise on Elucidation, there are three kinds of precepts: first, minor precepts, meaning saṅghāvaśeṣa and so forth; second, minor-associated offenses, which are offenses of an incomplete part; third, non-minor precepts, meaning the four pārājikas. Paramārtha explains: Because an offense is not extremely grave, it is called minor. The Five Schools say: Expedient means are all incomplete parts relative to the root, and because they operate accompanying any one of them, they are called minor-associated; pārājika offenses are extremely grave, hence they are called non-minor. Furthermore, the treatise states: "Furthermore, minor precepts are the precepts of intrinsic nature among all precepts; minor-associated precepts are all promulgated precepts among the precepts; non-minor precepts are the four grave precepts." Paramārtha also explains: Regardless of expedient means or root offenses, among the offenses with remainder, those that are offenses by intrinsic nature are all called minor; those that are promulgated offenses are all called minor-associated. Offenses with remainder by nature require constant circumspection; these offenses are not called minor-associated, but because they are not extremely grave, they are called minor. The essence of promulgated offenses is not due to nature, but because they are brought to maturity following later promulgation, they are called associated; they are also not extremely grave, hence they are called minor. Grave offenses are as explained before.