瑜伽論記 2.51

2.51

近邊中，孃短吒者，此云糞尿蟲，觜如鍼，故名鍼口出，身長一尺，身白頭黑，此蟲及狗鳥獄卒等，諸宗不同，薩婆多師經部大乘說是非情，然少差別，上座部師說為情類。設拉末梨，狀如皂莢樹形，多諸刺故，地獄唯在此洲下，若餘二洲斷善作無間業來此受苦。婆沙說：三洲皆有邊地獄及獨一地獄。有說言：二洲有此二地獄，非北洲，淨樂處故。

Among the adjacent [hells], as for the nyaṅkuṭṭa: here it is called dung-and-urine worms, whose beaks are like needles, hence named 'needle-mouthed emerging'; their bodies are one cubit long, with white bodies and black heads. Regarding these worms, dogs, birds, hell-wardens, and the like, the various traditions differ: the Sarvāstivādin masters, Sautrāntikas, and the Mahāyāna say they are non-sentient, though with slight differences; the Theravādin masters say they are sentient beings. The śālmali resembles the shape of a honeylocust tree, possessing many thorns. The hells exist only below this continent; if beings in the other two continents sever the roots of wholesomeness and commit unremitting karma, they come here to experience suffering. The Vibhāṣā states: all three continents have adjacent hells and isolated hells. Some say: two continents have these two hells, but not the northern continent, because it is a place of pure pleasure.