瑜伽論記 3.12

3.12

Detailed explanation: the meaning of schism of the saṃgha briefly has eleven points: 1. The schism itself has as its nature discord among the non-concomitant dharmas of the saṃgha's assembly that is split, being unobscured and indeterminate, based on the maturation consciousness, because of discord regarding the turning of the wheel of Dharma and so forth; as for that which is capable of causing the schism, as stated above, it is false speech named after its result; 2. It is performed by a bhikṣu, not a layperson; 3. By one of philosophical view, not of affective conduct; 4. By one of pure conduct, not a breaker of precepts, because their words lack gravity and respect; 5. It is split in a different location, not before the Buddha, because the Tathāgatas cannot be easily scorned or intimidated; 6. It splits ordinary persons, not noble ones; 7. At the time of acquiescing to a different teacher and noble path, saying the five dharmas are the path and the Noble Eightfold Path is not the path; 8. It must not last overnight, for splitting the saṃgha of the wheel of Dharma obstructs the wheel of the noble path and destroys the harmony of the saṃgha; 9. Splitting the wheel of Dharma occurs only in this continent [Jambudvīpa] because the Buddha is present here; splitting karmavācanā applies to three continents because the teachings are present; 10. For splitting the wheel of Dharma, there must be at least nine persons: the split saṃgha is divided into two factions, and the instigator makes one; for splitting karmavācanā, there must be at least eight persons, being divided into two factions; more is also not prohibited; 11. When first attaining enlightenment, later when about to enter nirvāṇa, when the 'boil' of breaking precepts has not yet arisen, when the primary pair of calm abiding and insight has not yet been established, after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa, and before precepts have been codified—in these six phases, there is no schism of the wheel of Dharma. Except for these, only at other times can the saṃgha be split.