瑜伽論記 9.417

9.417

Regarding the statement, 'If they lack capability, preaching the true Dharma to them, and assisting them as a companion to cause them to give rise to correct practice': this means that if the one to be transformed lacks the capability to initiate correct practice, the bodhisattva assists them as a companion, practicing together with them, and further preaches the Dharma to them to make them initiate practice. The personal preceptor is the ācārya, and the disciplinarian is the upādhyāya.