瑜伽師地論略纂 1.97

1.97

第二段中有二：初明三災衰損；後「又能棄捨損減壽量」下，明後漸增。初文復二：初明小三災、後明三衰損。《俱舍》說：小三災皆於十歲時起，仍別劫生。今者大乘，同於一劫，三十、二十、十歲之時，起儉、病、刀，如次不同。如《俱舍》說，儉有三事：一、白骨；二、運籌；三、聚集。廣如彼說。儉災經七年七月七日七夜，病災經七月七日七夜，刀災經七日。由不善業下品慳貪故，招七年七月日夜，長時飢儉，穀食方盡，方困死故；由不善業中品損害故，感病災七月日夜，逼惱身心，方致死故；由不善業上品殺害故，感刀災但經七日，毒心既猛，隨執草木皆成殺具，命易死盡，不假多故。白日相見，殺害易成；夜中闇黑，殺害事小，略不說夜。有餘經言：由施眾僧一摶食故，不生飢饉劫中；由施眾僧一呵梨藥，不墮疾病劫中；由一日夜持不殺戒，不墮刀兵劫中。故今漸滅，起三惡業。「甘蔗變味」者，謂沙糖煎甘蔗作，變甘蔗味為故。「又能棄捨損減壽量惡不善法」等者，此明減劫漸增。捨殺生等，刀災等業故，壽等漸增，十歲之父生十五歲子，如是展轉乃至八萬。不言四千，舉大數故。

The second section has two parts: first, explaining the deterioration caused by the three disasters; next, from "Furthermore, they are able to abandon those [unwholesome dharmas] that reduce lifespan..." downward, explaining the subsequent gradual increase. The first text again has two parts: first, explaining the three minor disasters; next, explaining the three deteriorations. The *Kośa* says: The three minor disasters all arise when [human lifespan] is ten years, each occurring in separate kalpas. Now in the Mahāyāna, they occur within the same kalpa, at thirty, twenty, and ten years of age respectively, giving rise to famine, pestilence, and swords in this distinct order. As the *Kośa* says, famine has three aspects: first, white bones; second, moving tally-sticks; third, gathering together. It is detailed there. The disaster of famine lasts seven years, seven months, seven days, and seven nights; the disaster of pestilence lasts seven months, seven days, and seven nights; the disaster of swords lasts seven days. Because of the inferior grade of unwholesome karma—stinginess and greed—it brings about famine of long duration lasting seven years, seven months, days, and nights, in which grain and food are completely exhausted before beings perish of distress. Because of the middling grade of unwholesome karma—harming—it brings about the disaster of pestilence lasting seven months, days, and nights, tormenting body and mind before causing death. Because of the superior grade of unwholesome karma—killing—it brings about the disaster of swords lasting only seven days; since malicious intent is already fierce, whatever grass or wood they take up turns into an instrument of slaughter, and lives are easily snuffed out without requiring much time. Seeing each other in broad daylight, killing is easily accomplished; in the darkness of night, acts of killing are few, so nights are omitted from mention. Another sūtra states: By donating a single mouthful of food to the saṅgha, one is not born in a kalpa of famine; by donating a single harītakī medicine to the saṅgha, one does not fall into a kalpa of pestilence; by upholding the precept against killing for one day and night, one does not fall into a kalpa of weapons. Thus now [these merits] gradually diminish, and the three unwholesome karmas arise. "Sugarcane loses its flavor" refers to boiling sugarcane to make sugar, which causes the taste of sugarcane to change. "Furthermore, they are able to abandon the bad, unwholesome dharmas that reduce lifespan..." and so on explains the gradual increase following the period of decrease. By abandoning the karma of killing and the like that leads to the disaster of swords and so forth, lifespan and the rest gradually increase: a father of ten years produces a child of fifteen years, and so on progressively up to eighty thousand. It does not mention eighty-four thousand, giving only the round number.