瑜伽師地論略纂 6.25

6.25

In the third section, individually explaining the five sciences, it first distinguishes the science of inner learning. The text has two parts: first, setting forth four gates; second, explaining them individually. As for the four gates: First, "the designation of things" refers to establishing designations according to things in the three baskets. "Thing" refers to the meaning of things, meaning the distinctions of meanings in the sūtras, vinaya, and abhidharma. Furthermore, because it is the substantial thing that serves as the basis for all signified meanings, the name "thing" is established. / Second, "the designation of distinctions of samjñā" refers to the expressive names; because names, phrases, and syllables all arise from saṃjñā, names are called saṃjñā. Furthermore, in the Western Regions, names are often called saṃjñā. Furthermore, names and the like lack real essence, being nominally established following sound; according to conceptual understanding, they are termed expressive [factors]; thus names and the like are called saṃjñā. / Third, "the characteristics that subsume the meanings of the noble teachings" means that the meanings signified by the noble teachings are able to subsume the noble teachings. / Fourth, "the characteristics of the points to be known through the Buddha's teachings" refers to the things signified by the Buddha's teachings, from the number two progressively up to ten things signified by the Buddha's teachings, which are termed the characteristics of the points to be known through the Buddha's teachings. The third subsumes teachings through principles, while the fourth reveals principles through teachings. "Sūtra" means scripture (qijing). "Vinaya" means discipline (tiaofu). "Mātṛkā" means matrix (benmu). Gathering the meanings of all sūtras and clarifying them through debate and discussion gives birth to the individual signified meanings of the various sūtras; hence it is called "matrix." This is what was formerly called xiuduoluo, bini, and modeqiejia.