成唯識論述記 8.579

8.579

述曰：此下第二，正解二死。初、總舉生死之因緣體性得名所由；二、所以者何下，外徵釋出生死體等。初中先出因體，後出緣體。此則初也。有漏業者，謂三界善業，欲不善業，如緣起中，正感後世引、滿業是，除順現業別助當業皆非此攝，非是行支正感生死故，無記業亦非業攝，理如常解。無漏業中，除無分別正體、後得及此加行唯取後得有分別者，緣事生故，至下當知。此有、無漏業正感生死，故說為因。言正感者，顯由此故生死相續，由此有力生死續生，正牽生死。有漏者，異熟因攝，無漏者，如異熟因，故言正感。

The Commentary states: Below is the second part, which directly explains the two kinds of birth-and-death. First, it generally identifies the entities of the causes and conditions of birth-and-death and the reasons they receive their names; second, from ‘Why is this?’ downward, an outside objection inquires and explains the entities of birth-and-death, and so on. In the first part, it first identifies the entity of the cause, and then identifies the entity of the condition. This is the first. ‘Karmas with outflows’ refers to wholesome karmas of the three realms and unwholesome karmas of the desire realm; as in dependent origination, these are the projecting and fulfilling karmas that directly actuate future lives. Excluding karma experienced in the present life and distinct auxiliary karma for future lives, which are not subsumed here because they are not the link of volitional formations directly actuating birth-and-death, indeterminate karmas are also not subsumed under karma, the principle being as conventionally understood. Among karmas without outflows, excluding the non-conceptual fundamental wisdom, subsequent wisdom, and their preliminary applications, it takes only that subsequent wisdom which possesses conceptualisation, because it arises taking concrete facts as its object, as will be known below. These karmas with and without outflows directly actuate birth-and-death, and are therefore called causes. Saying ‘directly actuate’ reveals that because of them birth-and-death continues in succession, and through their power birth-and-death is successively produced, directly impelling birth-and-death. Those with outflows are subsumed under the fruition cause (vipāka-hetu); those without outflows are like the fruition cause; hence it says ‘directly actuate’.