成唯識論演祕 1.498

1.498

答：通於凡、聖言無差別。可信者語皆至教量，契至理故，會實事故；如八語品、四聖言等。故《顯揚論》第十一云：至教者，謂一切智人所設言教，或從彼聞法隨法行。此復三種：一、聖言所攝；二、對治雜染；三、不違法相。聖言所攝者，謂如來及諸弟子所說經教，不違正法，不違正義。對治雜染者，謂依此法善修習時能求調伏貪、嗔、癡等。不違法相者，翻違法相，當知是名不違法相。違法相者，謂於無相增於有相，於雜染法立為清淨等，名違法相。

Answer: It applies universally to ordinary beings and āryas without distinction; the speech of anyone who is trustworthy is an authoritative teaching (āptāgama-pramāṇa), because it tallies with the ultimate truth and accords with actual facts, like the eight classes of speech, the four noble statements, and so forth. Therefore, Chapter 11 of the Treatise on Revealing the Teachings (Prakaraṇāryavācā) says: “Authoritative teaching refers to the verbal teaching laid down by an omniscient person, or hearing the Dharma from him and practicing in accordance with the Dharma. Furthermore, this has three kinds: first, subsumed under the speech of an ārya; second, counteracting defilement; third, not contradicting the characteristics of phenomena. ‘Subsumed under the speech of an ārya’ refers to the sūtras and teachings spoken by the Tathāgata and disciples, which do not contradict the correct Dharma and do not contradict correct meaning. ‘Counteracting defilement’ refers to being able to seek the subduing of greed, anger, delusion, and so forth when cultivating well in accordance with this Dharma. ‘Not contradicting the characteristics of phenomena’ is the opposite of contradicting the characteristics of phenomena; one should know that this is named not contradicting the characteristics of phenomena. ‘Contradicting the characteristics of phenomena’ means superimposing the mark of existence onto the signless, positing defiled phenomena as pure, and so forth; this is called contradicting the characteristics of phenomena.”