因明入正理論疏 1.53

1.53

述曰：自下第二隨標別釋，於中有三：初總綰群機、次依標隨釋、後且止斯事。方隅略示，顯息繁文，此即初也。如是者，指頌所說。總攝者，以略貫多。諸論者，今古所製一切因明。要義者，立破正邪，紀綱道理。此義總顯《瑜伽》、《對法》、《顯揚》等說因明有七。頌曰：「論體論處所，論據論莊嚴，論負論出離，論多所作法。」一者論體，謂言生因，立論之體。二者論處，所謂於王家證義者等論議處所。三者論據，謂論所依，即真能立及以真現比量等，其自性、差別義為言詮，亦所依攝。四者論莊嚴，謂真能破。五者論負，謂似立似破。六者論出離，將興論時，立敵安處身心之法。七者論多所作法，由具上六能多所作。今此括要，總為一頌，雖說八門，即彼四種，第一、第三、第四、第五但敘紀綱，不彰餘理，名攝要義。又世親所造論軌、論式等，法雖全備，文繁義雜。陳那詳考，更為《因明理門》等論，雖教理綸煥，而旨幽詞邃，令初習之者莫究其微。天主此論纂二先之妙，鳩群藉之玄，奧義咸殫，深機並控，匪唯提綜周備，實亦易葉成功。既彰四句之能，兼明八義之益，故言「總攝諸論要義」。

Commentary: Below is the second part, explaining individually in accordance with the headings; within it there are three sections: first, generally gathering all dispositions; second, explaining sequentially in accordance with the headings; third, temporarily setting aside these matters. Giving a brief sketch of the corners shows the cessation of superfluous text; this is the first. 'In this way' refers to what is stated in the verse. 'Summarized' means grasping the many by means of the brief. 'All treatises' means all hetuvidyā works produced in past and present. 'Essential meanings' means the principles and guiding threads of proof and refutation, correct and erroneous. This meaning generally indicates that the Yogācārabhūmi, the Abhidharmasamuccaya, the Prakaraṇāryavācā, etc., state seven aspects of hetuvidyā. The verse says: 'The essence of debate, the locus of debate, the grounds of debate, the ornaments of debate, the defeats of debate, the departures of debate, and the practices of much utility in debate.' First, the essence of debate, namely the verbal producer-reason (śābda-kāraka-hetu), which is the essence of establishing a proposition. Second, the locus of debate, namely the places of discussion such as the royal court or before arbiters. Third, the grounds of debate, namely that on which debate relies: genuine proof and genuine perception, inference, etc.; their meanings as self-nature and particularity, serve as verbal designations and are also subsumed under the grounds. Fourth, the ornaments of debate, namely genuine refutation. Fifth, the defeats of debate, namely fallacious proof and fallacious refutation. Sixth, the departure of debate, the method for proponent and opponent to settle body and mind when about to engage in debate. Seventh, the practices of much utility in debate, which are capable of producing much utility by being endowed with the above six. Now, summarizing the essentials into a single verse: although eight doors are spoken of, they are those four kinds [of the seven aspects]: the first, third, fourth, and fifth; merely presenting the guiding threads without displaying the remaining principles is called 'summarizing the essential meanings'. Furthermore, in the treatises on debate methods (Vādavidhi, Vādavidhāna, etc.) composed by Vasubandhu, although the methods are complete, the text is繁 and the meanings mixed. Diṅnāga examined them in detail and further composed treatises such as the Nyāyamukha; although the teachings and principles are brilliant, their intent is profound and words deep, so that beginners cannot fathom their subtleties. Master Śaṅkarasvāmin's present treatise compiles the excellences of the two predecessors and collects the mysteries of all works; its profound meanings are fully exhausted, and deep capacities are held together. Not only is its synthesis comprehensive, but it also truly makes success easy across generations. Having manifested the function of the four lines [of verse] and concurrently clarified the benefit of the eight items, it therefore says: 'The essential meanings of all treatises are summarized.'