因明入正理論疏 3.230

3.230

述曰：兼顯悟他，結能破號。立者過生，敵責言汝失。立、證俱問：其失者何？名為問者。敵能正顯缺減等非，明之在言，名顯示此。因能破言，曉悟彼問，令知其失，捨妄趣真，此即悟他，名為能破。此即簡非兼悟他，以釋能破名，簡雖破他，不令他悟，亦非能破。

The commentary says: Simultaneously revealing the enlightenment of others, this concludes with the designation of refutation. When a fault arises in the proponent, the opponent rebukes them, saying: 'You have a fault.' Both proponent and witness ask: 'What is that fault?' They are called 'the questioners'. The opponent is able to correctly demonstrate the errors of deficiency and the rest; expressing this in speech is called 'demonstrating this'. By means of the words of refutation, one illuminates and awakens those questioners, causing them to recognise their faults, abandon error, and proceed toward truth; this is 'enlightening others', and is called 'refutation'. This distinguishes error and includes enlightening others to explain the name 'refutation', excluding the case where, although one refutes another, one does not cause them to understand, which is not a refutation.