起信論疏筆削記 18.34

18.34

Regarding morality: In the treatise, "namely..." below sequentially presents the ten virtues, which are the abandonment of the three evils of the body, four of speech, and three of the mind. Non-killing universally encompasses wriggling insects, not just humans. Non-stealing covers even a single needle or blade of grass, not only what is worth five coins or more. Non-chastity is violated upon physical contact, regardless of whether it is through the proper organ or non-proper organ. Divisive speech is stirring up conflict between two parties. Harsh speech is groundless talk. False speech is deceitful talk. Frivolous speech is embellished banter. Since none of these are present, it says "not" for all of them. Greed means evil desire; jealousy means envy; deceit means transgressing with arrogance; fraudulence means falsehood; flattery means deceptive compliance; crookedness means violating principle. Jealousy, deceit, and resentment are portions of anger; flattery and crookedness are portions of greed. Wrong views are also called evil views, namely the five views such as the view of self and extreme views. Here, "wrong" refers to one of the five. Since none of these exist, it says "completely abandon." However, because a bodhisattva has compassion for beings, the precept against killing comes first; because the Hīnayāna seeks aversion and detachment from saṃsāra, the precept against sexual misconduct comes first. Their intents differ, and thus the formats of the teachings are not the same. If based on the ten virtues, they are originally the causes for humans and gods; now, when practiced by a bodhisattva, the fruition sought is different. According to the Avataṃsaka-sūtra, five classes of people all practice the ten virtues but experience different fruits: ordinary people, śrāvakas, pratyekabuddhas, bodhisattvas, and buddhas. The Vimalakīrtinirdeśa says: "Holding precepts is the bodhisattva's pure land; when the bodhisattva attains buddhahood, sentient beings who practice the path of the ten virtues and fulfill their vows will be born in that land." The ten virtues are the bodhisattva's pure land; when the bodhisattva attains buddhahood, sentient beings who do not die prematurely, are greatly wealthy, practice celibacy, speak truth, always use gentle words, do not part from their kin, skillfully harmonize disputes, always speak beneficial words, are free from jealousy and resentment, and possess right views will come to be born in that land. Thus we know that while the ten virtues do not differ, the mind with which they are cultivated is different.