起信論疏筆削記 19.4

19.4

The phrase 'However, now...' intends to show the distinction; hence, it indicates both the Chinese and Sanskrit terms: actual cultivation is named *śamatha*, while the prior cultivation of expedient means is named 'calmness' (止); insight (vipaśyanā) is also modeled on this. From 'Because both...' onward, it explains the distinctive intention. Since it says 'in accordance with,' one can know that it is not yet the actual calmness; for it is only calmness identical with insight that is called actual calmness, and insight identical with calmness that is called actual insight. Now, since it is an exclusive cessation, it is merely an expedient means of calmness and cannot yet be termed the practice of calmness; therefore, it is said to 'accord with *śamatha*.' Question: 'This practice is calmness; why is it called insight?' Answer: 'At the time of actual cultivation, calmness and insight are dual-functioning. If calmness lacks insight, it is not called true calmness; if insight lacks calmness, it is not called true insight. Therefore, at the time of actual cultivation, calmness is also called insight; hence, in the *Yuanjue jing*, it is named "calm contemplation." Although it is also named insight, here it is called calmness because, with regard to obliterating marks, it contemplates tathatā. Tathatā is without marks; in facing it, the mind is cut off, and when the mind is cut off, the meaning of calmness is achieved; it is also the contemplation of emptiness.'