大乘義章 1.12

1.12

次顯正義，於中兩門：一分聖教、二定宗別。聖教雖眾，要唯有二：一是世間、二是出世，三有善法名為世間，三乘出道名出世間。就出世間中，復有二種：一聲聞藏、二菩薩藏，為聲聞說名聲聞藏，為菩薩說名菩薩藏。故《地持》云「十二部經，唯方廣部是菩薩藏，餘十一部是聲聞藏。」彼文復言「佛為聲聞、菩薩行出苦道說修多羅，結集經者集為二藏，聲聞所行為聲聞藏，菩薩所行為菩薩藏。」龍樹亦云「迦葉、阿難於王舍城結集三藏，為聲聞藏；文殊、阿難於鐵圍山集摩訶衍，為菩薩藏。」聖教明證，義顯然矣。此二亦名大乘小乘、半滿教也。聲聞藏法，狹劣名小、未窮名半；菩薩藏法，寬廣名大、圓極名滿。教別如此。

Next, the correct doctrine is revealed, which contains two sections: first, dividing the sacred teachings; second, determining the distinctions among the central themes. Although the sacred teachings are manifold, in essence there are only two: first, the worldly; second, the transworldly. The wholesome dharmas of the three realms of existence are called worldly; the three vehicles' path of transcendence is called transworldly. Within the transworldly, there are again two kinds: first, the śrāvaka canon; second, the bodhisattva canon. What is taught for śrāvakas is called the śrāvaka canon; what is taught for bodhisattvas is called the bodhisattva canon. Hence the Bodhisattvabhūmi states: 'Among the twelve divisions of scripture, the Vaipulya division alone is the bodhisattva canon; the remaining eleven divisions are the śrāvaka canon.' That text further says: 'The Buddha taught the sūtras for the śrāvakas and bodhisattvas to practice the path out of suffering; those who compiled the scriptures gathered them into two canons: what was practiced by śrāvakas is the śrāvaka canon, and what was practiced by bodhisattvas is the bodhisattva canon.' Nāgārjuna also says: 'Kāśyapa and Ānanda compiled the Tripiṭaka at Rājagṛha, making the śrāvaka canon; Mañjuśrī and Ānanda compiled the Mahāyāna at the Iron Ring Mountains, making the bodhisattva canon.' Through the clear testimony of the sacred teachings, the meaning is evident indeed. These two are also called the Mahāyāna and the Hīnayāna, or the semi-complete and complete teachings. The teachings of the śrāvaka canon, being narrow and inferior, are called 'lesser'; being not yet exhaustive, they are called 'semi-complete'. The teachings of the bodhisattva canon, being broad and vast, are called 'great'; being consummate and ultimate, they are called 'complete'. Such are the distinctions among the teachings.