大乘義章 10.28

10.28

第四門中制立三聚。於中略以五義制之：一起因不同故立三聚。言起因者，一厭有為心，起律儀戒；二求菩提心，起攝善戒；三念眾生心，起攝生戒。二依法不同故立三聚。所言法者，一離惡法依，成律儀；二集善法依，成攝善；三化生法依，成攝生。三離過不同，故立三聚。言離過者，初律儀戒離殺等過，二攝善戒離不攝善過，三攝眾生戒離不攝生過。四功能不同故分三聚。言功能者，如《地持》說：初律儀戒能令心住，二攝善戒成就菩提，三攝眾生戒成就眾生。以此不同，故分三聚。五品分不同故分三聚。律儀最下，以能離惡未修善故。攝善為次，依前離惡能修善故。《地持論》言「攝善法戒，於律儀為上。」攝生為勝，依前自善能利他故。故地論言「利益眾生戒，於攝善為上。」以此五義，故立三聚。

In the fourth section, the establishment of the three clusters [of precepts] is explained. Therein, they are briefly established through five meanings: First, the three clusters are established because their motivating causes are different. As for motivating causes: first, the mind that revulses conditioned phenomena generates the restraint precepts; second, the mind that seeks bodhi generates the precepts of collecting wholesome dharmas; third, the mind that is mindful of sentient beings generates the precepts of gathering sentient beings. Second, the three clusters are established because the dharmas on which they rely are different. As for the dharmas: first, relying on the dharma of abandoning evil accomplishes restraint; second, relying on the dharma of accumulating wholesome qualities accomplishes the collection of wholesome dharmas; third, relying on the dharma of transforming sentient beings accomplishes the gathering of sentient beings. Third, the three clusters are established because the faults they abandon are different. As for abandoning faults: first, the restraint precepts abandon faults such as killing; second, the precepts of collecting wholesome dharmas abandon the fault of not gathering wholesome qualities; third, the precepts of gathering sentient beings abandon the fault of not gathering sentient beings. Fourth, the three clusters are divided because their functions are different. As for functions, as stated in the Bodhisattvabhūmi: first, the restraint precepts are able to make the mind remain stable; second, the precepts of collecting wholesome dharmas bring bodhi to fulfillment; third, the precepts of gathering sentient beings bring sentient beings to maturity. Because of these differences, they are divided into three clusters. Fifth, the three clusters are divided because their grades are different. Restraint is the lowest, because it is able to abandon evil but has not yet cultivated the wholesome. Collecting the wholesome is next, because in reliance on the prior abandonment of evil it can cultivate the wholesome; the Bodhisattvabhūmi states, 'The precepts of collecting wholesome dharmas are superior to the restraint [precepts].' Gathering sentient beings is the supreme, because in reliance on the prior personal wholesome qualities it can benefit others; hence the Daśabhūmika-śāstra states, 'The precepts of benefiting sentient beings are superior to collecting the wholesome.' Through these five meanings, the three clusters are established.