大乘義章 11.43

11.43

四種味者，如《涅槃》說。《成實論》中亦具分別。《地持》說為四無罪樂。神耳道法名之為味，以善適心名無罪樂。樂味名別，其義不殊。名字是何？一出家味、二離欲味、三寂滅味、四者道味。《成實論》中名正智味。信家非家出家學道，解脫種種在家之難，受離欲戒得戒愛味，名出家味。《地持》說此為出家樂。離欲惡不善法，有覺有觀離生喜樂得初禪行，名離欲味。《地持》說此為遠離樂。二禪已上乃至滅定，覺觀喜樂色想等滅，名寂滅味。《地持》說此為寂滅樂。無漏聖道永斷煩惱，名為道味。道是正智，故《成實》中名正智味，《地持》說此為菩提樂。四中初一是其戒學，中二定學，後一慧學。四味如是。

The four flavors are as spoken in the Nirvāṇa [Sūtra]. The Tattvasiddhi-śāstra also differentiates them in full. The Bodhisattvabhūmi speaks of them as the four blameless pleasures. Dharmas of the spiritual, internal path are termed 'flavors'; because they wholesomely gratify the mind, they are termed 'blameless pleasures'. 'Pleasure' and 'flavor' are different names, but their meaning is not different. What are their names? The first is the flavor of renunciation; the second, the flavor of detachment from desires; the third, the flavor of quiescence; the fourth, the flavor of the path. In the Tattvasiddhi-śāstra, it is called the flavor of correct knowledge. Having faith that the home is not a home, renouncing the household to study the path, being liberated from various household difficulties, receiving the precepts of detachment from desires, and gaining delight in the precepts is called the flavor of renunciation. The Bodhisattvabhūmi speaks of this as the pleasure of renunciation. Separating from desires and unwholesome, bad dharmas, accompanied by directed and sustained thought, having joy and pleasure born of detachment, and attaining the practice of the first dhyāna is called the flavor of detachment from desires. The Bodhisattvabhūmi speaks of this as the pleasure of detachment. From the second dhyāna upward to the cessation absorption, with directed thought, sustained thought, joy, pleasure, conceptions of form, and so forth extinguished, this is called the flavor of quiescence. The Bodhisattvabhūmi speaks of this as the pleasure of quiescence. The untainted noble path perpetually severing afflictions is called the flavor of the path. The path is correct knowledge, so in the Tattvasiddhi it is called the flavor of correct knowledge; the Bodhisattvabhūmi speaks of this as the pleasure of bodhi. Among these four, the first is the training in morality; the middle two are the training in samādhi; the last one is the training in wisdom. Such are the four flavors.