大乘義章 11.83

11.83

次明起處。隨身修起，名為起處。依如《毘曇》，身在欲界起四無量，非上二界。何故如是？《雜心》釋言「慈治瞋恚、悲止害覺、喜除嫉妬、捨除貪恚，此皆欲界煩惱對治，故欲界起。又慈欲與苦眾生樂，餘三隨助。欲界有苦，故欲界起。上界無苦，是以不生。就欲界中，三天下人能起無量，餘皆不修。何故偏在三天下修，非欝單越？由說起故。何故唯人，非餘四趣？人多方便故能修起，天多著樂不肯修習。三塗難處不能修起，故非餘趣。」《成實》三界皆得修起，彼問曰：有論師說，欲界現入。是事云何？答曰：不然，一切生處皆能現入。彼復問言：若在上界亦得修起，即上界死還上界生，報應無盡。釋言：上界雖得修起，亦有退失，故還生下。大乘亦說三界俱起，菩薩所在常修習故（此三門竟）。

Next, the locus of arising is clarified. Cultivating and giving rise [to them] in accordance with the physical body is called the locus of arising. According to the *Abhidharma*, when the body is in the desire realm one gives rise to the four immeasurables, not in the upper two realms. Why is it so? The *Saṃyuktābhidharma-hṛdaya* explains: 'Benevolence counteracts anger, compassion halts harmful thoughts, sympathetic joy eliminates jealousy, and equanimity eliminates greed and anger. These are all antidotes to defilements of the desire realm; therefore they arise in the desire realm. Furthermore, benevolence wishes to bestow pleasure upon suffering sentient beings, while the other three follow and assist. In the desire realm there is suffering; therefore they arise in the desire realm. In the upper realms there is no suffering, which is why they are not produced. Within the desire realm, only humans of the three continents can give rise to the immeasurables; the rest do not cultivate them. Why are they cultivated specifically in the three continents and not in Uttarakuru? Because they arise through preaching. Why only humans and not the other four destinies? Humans have many skillful means and therefore can cultivate and give rise to them; gods are mostly attached to pleasure and are unwilling to cultivate them. The difficult situations of the three miserable paths cannot cultivate and give rise to them; therefore it is not the other destinies.' In the *Tattvasiddhi*, they can be cultivated and arise in all three realms. It asks: A treatise master says that they are entered manifestly in the desire realm; how is this? Answer: That is not so; in all places of rebirth one can enter them manifestly. It asks again: If they can also be cultivated and arise in the upper realms, then dying in the upper realms one would be reborn back in the upper realms, and the retribution would be endless. Explanation: Although they can be cultivated and arise in the upper realms, there is also falling back and losing them, and so one is reborn below again. The Mahāyāna also says they arise in all three realms, because wherever the bodhisattva is, he always cultivates them (this concludes three sections).