大乘義章 11.88

11.88

次辨其相。此四種中隨相別分，前二是智、後二是說。智中窮本，唯一知法。就智法中，上窮深故別分義。說中窮本，其唯一辭。辭中善巧故復分樂。通而論之四俱是智，智之所照四俱是法，依智起言四俱是說。故《地經》言「四無礙智，起言辭說。」今先就法辨其四種，餘類可知。辨法不同，略有四門：一教法為法、二諦為義。依此法義，隨方言音辨宣之儀，用之為辭。辭中差別能應物情，名為樂說。二世諦為法、真諦為義。於世諦中，色等諸法各有自體，故名為法。又復世諦顯真之軌，亦名為法。真諦之理有深所以，故號為義。一切教法，名之為辭。隨方言音辨宣之儀，名為樂說。三真諦為法、世諦為義。真諦是其諸法自體，故名為法。世諦是其顯真所以，故說為義。又復義用亦名為義。辭樂如上。四歷法分別。一一法中皆具四種，如《地經》說，如一色中總相論色名之為法，色中差別目之為義，隨方說儀稱之為辭，辭中差別即名樂說。如是一切。上來所辨通皆是法，依法正知悉皆是智，依此起言四俱是說。辨相麁爾（此二門竟）。

Next is the distinction of their characteristics. Among these four kinds, when distinguished separately according to their characteristics, the first two are wisdom, and the latter two are exposition. In wisdom, exhausting the root, there is only the single knowing of dharmas; within the dharmas of wisdom, because it reaches the depths above, meaning is separately differentiated. In exposition, exhausting the root, there is only phrasing; because of skillfulness within phrasing, eloquence is again differentiated. Speaking comprehensively, all four are wisdom; what is illuminated by wisdom, all four are dharmas; words arising in reliance on wisdom, all four are exposition. Thus the Daśabhūmika Sūtra says: "The four unimpeded knowledges give rise to words and expositions." Now, we first distinguish the four kinds with respect to dharmas; the others can be known by analogy. The distinctions of dharmas briefly have four gates: 1. The Dharma of the teachings is dharma, and the two truths are meaning. In reliance on this dharma and meaning, the manner of expressing and proclaiming them in accordance with regional languages is used as phrasing. The distinctions within phrasing that are able to respond to the dispositions of beings are called eloquence. 2. Conventional truth is dharma, and ultimate truth is meaning. Within conventional truth, dharmas such as form each have their own substance, hence they are called dharma. Furthermore, conventional truth is the standard that reveals the ultimate, hence it is also called dharma. The principle of ultimate truth has profound rationale, hence it is designated meaning. All Dharma of the teachings is called phrasing. The manner of expressing and proclaiming them in accordance with regional languages is called eloquence. 3. Ultimate truth is dharma, and conventional truth is meaning. Ultimate truth is the inherent substance of all dharmas, hence it is called dharma. Conventional truth is the rationale that reveals the ultimate, hence it is spoken of as meaning. Furthermore, functional application is also called meaning. Phrasing and eloquence are as above. 4. Differentiation by going through each dharma: each and every dharma fully possesses all four kinds. As the Daśabhūmika Sūtra says: as with a single form, discussing form in its general characteristics is called dharma; the distinctions within form are designated meaning; the manner of expounding it in accordance with regions is called phrasing; the distinctions within phrasing are called eloquence. All are like this. All that has been distinguished above are generally dharmas; correctly knowing in reliance on dharmas is entirely wisdom; speech arising in reliance on this, all four are exposition. The characteristics are broadly distinguished as such (this concludes the second section).