大乘義章 12.10

12.10

次就人趣形報分別。趣謂五趣，依如《毘曇》，五戒唯在人天中受，不在餘趣。成實法中，人天鬼畜一切皆得。趣別如是。言就人者，依如《毘曇》，佛弟子等得受此戒，外道不得。成實法中，外道亦得，《阿含經》中宣說外道得受八戒，當知五戒亦應得受。《涅槃經》說「供養外道持戒之者得無量報。」明亦得受。人別如是。言就形者，依如《毘曇》，男女得受，餘皆不得。依如《成實．律儀品》中，黃門、無根、不能男等皆得之，不局男女。五戒之義，略辨如是。

Next is distinguishing with reference to destinies of rebirth, bodily form, and karmic retribution. 'Destinies' refers to the five destinies. According to the *Abhidharma*, the five precepts are received only among humans and devas, not in the other destinies. In the *Tattvasiddhi* system, humans, devas, ghosts, and animals all can obtain them. Such is the distinction of destinies. Regarding persons: according to the *Abhidharma*, disciples of the Buddha and the like can receive these precepts, but non-Buddhists cannot. In the *Tattvasiddhi* system, non-Buddhists can also obtain them; the *Āgama-sūtra* proclaims that non-Buddhists can receive the eight precepts, so one should know they ought to be able to receive the five precepts as well. The *Nirvāṇa-sūtra* states: 'Making offerings to non-Buddhists who maintain precepts obtains immeasurable retribution,' making it clear that they can also receive them. Such is the distinction of persons. Regarding bodily form: according to the *Abhidharma*, men and women can receive them, but all others cannot. According to the 'Chapter on Restraint' in the *Tattvasiddhi*, eunuchs (paṇḍaka), the genital-less, and impotent men can all obtain them, not being restricted to men and women. The meaning of the five precepts is briefly distinguished as above.