大乘義章 12.103

12.103

次明支因有具不具。支謂七支，始從不殺乃至不綺。因者所謂上中下心。問曰：七支要具乃得？不具亦得？釋言：不定。大比丘戒，要具乃得；沙彌俗人不具亦得，是故五戒八戒十戒皆不具七。問曰：於彼上中下品三種因中，具用發戒？不具亦得？釋言：不定。或有具用上中下心，受在家戒、沙彌十戒、大比丘戒，名為具因。或有偏用上品之心受三種戒，或中或下名為不具，以此支因有具不具，故《雜心》中四句分別。何者是四？一一切因非一切支。謂以上中下品之心，受其五戒八戒十戒，依具三因名一切因；所受唯離殺盜邪婬妄語過故非一切支。二一切支非一切因。有人直以上品之心受具足戒，或中或下所受之戒具足七支，故名一切支；不具三心，名非一切因。三一切因亦一切支。具以上中下品之心，受在家戒、沙彌十戒、大比丘戒。四非一切因非一切支，謂以下心，受在家戒及沙彌戒，中上亦爾。七善律儀，略之云爾。

Next, explaining whether the branches and causes are complete or incomplete. "Branches" refers to the seven branches, beginning from not killing through to not speaking flippantly. "Causes" refers to the superior, middling, and inferior states of mind. Question: Must the seven branches be complete for them to be obtained, or can they also be obtained when incomplete? Explanation: It is not fixed. For the precepts of a great monk (bhikṣu), they must be complete to be obtained; for novices and laypeople, they are also obtained when incomplete; therefore, the five precepts, eight precepts, and ten precepts do not fully contain all seven. Question: Among those three kinds of causes—superior, middling, and inferior—must all be used to generate the precepts, or are they also obtained when incomplete? Explanation: It is not fixed. There are cases where one completely uses the superior, middling, and inferior minds to receive the household precepts, the novice's ten precepts, and the great monk's precepts; this is called having complete causes. There are also cases where one solely uses a superior mind to receive the three kinds of precepts, or a middling or inferior one; this is called incomplete. Because these branches and causes may be complete or incomplete, the *Saṃyuktābhidharmahṛdaya* distinguishes them into four propositions. What are the four? First, all causes but not all branches. This means that with superior, middling, and inferior minds, one receives the five precepts, eight precepts, or ten precepts; depending on the completion of the three causes, it is called "all causes"; because what is received merely distances oneself from the faults of killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, and false speech, it is "not all branches." Second, all branches but not all causes. Someone receives the full precepts merely with a superior mind, or with a middling or inferior one; the received precepts are complete in the seven branches, hence called "all branches"; not having the three minds complete, it is called "not all causes." Third, all causes and also all branches. One completely uses superior, middling, and inferior minds to receive the household precepts, the novice's ten precepts, and the great monk's precepts. Fourth, neither all causes nor all branches. This refers to receiving the household precepts and novice precepts with an inferior mind; the same applies to middling and superior ones. The seven wholesome restraints are thus briefly stated.